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. 2015 Aug 24;2015:387090. doi: 10.1155/2015/387090

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Copyright © 2015 Celine Baligand et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Schematic of the changes in soleus muscle gene expression within the TGFβ and BMP pathways, with SCI (a) and acute response to treadmill training (b). Panel (a) shows the combined changes observed on day 3 and 8 after SCI, where several Smads (Smads 3, 4, and 1/5) and Fst gene expression was increased compared to control in parallel with muscle atrophy. Panel (b) summarizes the changes observed 8 days after SCI after 3 sessions of treadmill training compared to untrained animals. The changes in Smad3 and Fst were reversed, and Bmpr2 expression was increased, suggesting a role for the BMP pathway in the initiation of muscle mass recovery process observed with treadmill training.