Table 3.
Viral kinetics and tissue tropism of MPXV infection within the prairie dog.
| Tissue sample | West Africa MPXV | Congo Basin MPXV | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DNA presence (days) | Virus presence (days) | Peak mean viral load value and day | DNA presence (days) | Virus presence (days) | Peak mean viral load value and day | |
| Nasal cavity | 4–24 | 6–17 | 7.7 × 108
Day 9 |
2–17 | 4–17 | 2.6 × 108
Days 12/13 |
|
| ||||||
| Salivary glands/SM lymph nodes | 2–24 | 6–12 | 6.8 × 105
Day 6 |
4–24 | 4–13 | 9.9 × 107
Day 6 |
|
| ||||||
| Spleen | 4–24 | 6–12 | 4.9 × 108
Day 12 |
4–17 | 4–13 | 7.5 × 108
Days 12/13 |
|
| ||||||
| Tongue | 4–24 | 6–17 | 2.1 × 107
Day 12 |
4–17 | 6–17 | 4.8 × 107
Days 12/13 |
|
| ||||||
| Tonsils | 4–24 | 6–12 | 7.7 × 107
Day 12 |
4–17 | 6–13 | 4.6 × 106
Days 12/13 |
|
| ||||||
| Oropharynx | 4–24 | 6–17 | 4.1 × 106
Day 12 |
2–24 | 6–17 | 2 × 107
Days 12/13 |
|
| ||||||
| Inner cheek | 6–24 | 6–17 | 2.4 × 107
Day 12 |
4–17 | 6–17 | 2.8 × 107
Days 12/13 |
|
| ||||||
| Trachea | 6–24 | 6–12 | 2.7 × 106
Day 12 |
4–24 | 6–13 | 1 × 107
Day 9 |
|
| ||||||
| Lungs | 4–17 | 6–12 | 5.9 × 107
Day 12 |
4–24 | 6–13 | 3.9 × 107
Days 12/13 |
|
| ||||||
| Liver | 4–17 | 6–12 | 5.7 × 108
Day 12 |
2–17 | 6–12 | 2.9 × 109
Days 12/13 |
|
| ||||||
| Ileum | 4–24 | 6–12 | 2.4 × 107
Day 12 |
6–24 | 6–13 | 4.2 × 107
Days 12/13 |
|
| ||||||
| Duodenum | 6–24 | 6–9 | 6.8 × 103
Day 9 |
4–24 | 6–13 | 3.9 × 106
Days 12/13 |
|
| ||||||
| Jejunum | 6–17 | 6–12 | 1.1 × 107
Day 12 |
9–17 | 6–13 | 3.9 × 107
Days 12/13 |
|
| ||||||
| Eyelid | 6–24 | 9–17 | 9.7 × 107
Day 17 |
2–17 | 6–17 | 1.9 × 107
Days 12/13 |
|
| ||||||
| Eye | 6–24 | 9–17 | 1.2 × 107
Day 12 |
4–17 | 6–13 | 6.2 × 106
Days 12/13 |
|
| ||||||
| Kidney | 6–24 | 9–12 | 3.8 × 106
Day 12 |
6–17 | 9–13 | 4 × 106
Days 12/13 |
|
| ||||||
| Gonad | 6–24 | 9–17 | 7.6 × 107
Day 12 |
4–24 | 6–17 | 1 × 107
Days 12/13 |
|
| ||||||
| Belly skin | 6–24 | 9–17 | 3.3 × 105
Day 12 |
4–24 | 9–17 | 3.9 × 106
Days 12/13 |
|
| ||||||
| Mes. lymph node | 4–24 | 12 | 1.4 × 107
Day 12 |
6–17 | 9–13 | 1.2 × 106
Days 12/13 |
|
| ||||||
| Stomach | 4–24 | 12 | 4.3 × 105
Day 12 |
4–24 | 9–13 | 3.1 × 106
Days 12/13 |
|
| ||||||
| Brain | 6–24 | 12–17 | 7.1 × 104
Day 12 |
6–17 | 9–13 | 1.9 × 105
Days 12/13 |
|
| ||||||
| Heart | 4–24 | 12 | 1.4 × 106
Day 12 |
4–17 | 9–13 | 7.6 × 106
Days 12/13 |
|
| ||||||
| Pancreas | 6–17 | 12 | 2.8 × 106
Day 12 |
4–17 | 6–13 | 3.9 × 107
Days 12/13 |
|
| ||||||
| Urine/bladder | 6–24 | 12–17 | 3.5 × 106
Day 12 |
9–24 | 9–13 | 4.9 × 106
Days 12/13 |
|
| ||||||
| Gallbladder | 6–24 | 12–17 | 3.8 × 104
Day 12 |
4–24 | 12-13 | 2.2 × 106
Days 12/13 |
|
| ||||||
| Feces | 12–24 | 12–24 | 6.5 × 106
Day 12 |
12–24 | 12–17 | 1.1 × 107
Days 12/13 |
|
| ||||||
| Lesion | 12–24 | 12–24 | 7.8 × 107
Day 17 |
12–24 | 12–17 | 2.3 × 108
Days 12/13 |
Prairie dogs were intranasally challenged (8 × 103 p.f.u.) with West African (WA; n = 14) or Congo Basin (CB; n = 14) MPXV. Groups of prairie dogs were serially sacrificed (days 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 17, and 24) following challenge. Postmortem samples were evaluated for presence of virus by real-time PCR and tissue culture. The time course of viral shedding for each tissue (viral DNA and viable virus) is shown above as is the peak viral load and day p.i. that the peak viral load was seen for each tissue. Peak viral loads were compared between MPXV clades; p values for these comparisons were not statistically significant when comparing each tissue type (CB versus WA) and controlling for day of necropsy (p value range of 0.21–1).