Table 1.

Sleep PSG parameters for the non-learning and learning night.

	No explicit knowledge (n = 41)		Explicit knowledge (n = 12)
	Non-learning night	Learning night	Non-learning night	Learning night
Duration measures (min)
Total time in bed (TIB)	495 ± 69	477 ± 53	481 ± 51	461 ± 48
Total sleep time (TST)	469 ± 39	464 ± 45	452 ± 36	448 ± 46
Sleep onset latency	25 ± 10	13 ± 10	29 ± 13	13 ± 6
SE (TST/TIB) %	95 ± 2	97 ± 2	94 ± 3	97 ± 2
Latency to SWS	25 ± 15	13 ± 4	34 ± 29	15 ± 6
Latency to REM sleep	85 ± 36	60 ± 19	83 ± 33	56 ± 16
Duration of sleep stages (% of TST)
Wake	4.6 ± 3.9	2.2 ± 4.6	4.8 ± 4.2	0.8 ± 1.2
Stage 1	4.5 ± 2.1	1.9 ± 1.8	5.4 ± 2.1	1.2 ± 0.6
Stage 2	49.1 ± 6.4	44.5 ± 6.5	47.8 ± 6.4	44.8 ± 6.8
SWS (Stages 3 + 4)	14.9 ± 3.6	20.3 ± 5.2	15.1 ± 4.1	21.5 ± 4.5
REM sleep	24.9 ± 4.7	29.7 ± 6.1	25.3 ± 5.1	30.5 ± 4.7
Movement time	1.9 ± 1.2	1.9 ± 1.8	1.8 ± 0.9	1.3 ± 0.9
Rate of SST (Number of transitions per hour)
Total SST	4.5 ± 0.9	4.1 ± 0.8	6.0 ± 1.1	5.9 ± 1.1
SST to Wake	1.2 ± 0.5	0.5 ± 0.4	1.0 ± 0.5	0.4 ± 0.4
SST NR–RN	1.4 ± 0.4	1.5 ± 0.3	2.1 ± 0.4	2.1 ± 0.3
SST: S1, S2, and SWS	1.3 ± 1.1	2.0 ± 0.9	2.6 ± 1.0	3.3 ± 1.0

Shown are group mean values ± SD. SE, sleep efficiency; SWS, slow wave sleep; REM, rapid eye movement; SST, sleep stage transitions; NR, non-REM (NREM) to REM (transitions); RN, REM to NREM (transitions); SST: S1, S2 and SWS, transitions between Stage 1, Stage 2 of NREM sleep and SWS.