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Two HPA axis-based models of stress. Selye's (1936) general adaptation syndrome proposed that the depletion of neuroendocrine factors with persistent stress makes the body susceptible to diseases (blue line). In contrast, current views hypothesize that abnormally elevated and/or long-lasting neuroendocrine activity causes harm to the body (purple line). The three gray-gradient arrows represent mild, moderate, and severe stress.
