Table 2.
Qualitative findings by main overarching theme
| Ref | Ref | N. | Method | Quality | Personal achievement | Personal/ social identify | Developing knowledge | Benefits of place | Social contact | Physical benefits | Physical activity | Spirituality | Psychological restoration | Risks/ negatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birch 2005 | [48] | 3 | Interviews | Poor | X | X | X | X | X | |||||
| BTCV 2010 | [38] | 19 | Interviews | Poor | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||
| X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||
| Burls 2007 | [34] | 11 | Focus Groups | Poor | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |
| Carter and O'Brien 2008 | [39] | NR | "Qualitative evaluation" | Poor | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||
| Christie 2004 | [49] | 18 | Interviews | Poor | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||
| Gooch 2005 | [35] | 85 | Interviews | Poor | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||
| Halpenny and Caissie 2003 | [50] | 10 | Interviews | Good | X | X | X | X | ||||||
| Miller et al. 2002 | [37] | 30 | Focus Groups, ethnographic | Poor | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||
| O'Brien et al. 2010 | [54] | 88 | Interviews | Good | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||
| O'Brien et al. 2011 | [53] | 10 | Ethnographic | Good | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |
| Townsend and Marsh 2004 | [52] | 18 | Interviews | Poor | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||
| X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
| Townsend 2006 | [51] | 35 | Interviews | Poor | X | X | X | X | X | |||||
| Wilson 2009 | [32] | 29 | Interviews | Poor | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |