9. Vector density: EVM versus no intervention.

Trial ID	Unit of randomization	Intervention	Main vector	Measure (method)	Pre‐intervention		Post‐intervention		Effect measure (95% CI) or P value
					EVM	Control	EVM	Control
Chowdhury 2011 BGD	Cluster of 50 houses	Community mobilizers conducted weekly home visits and educated household members. The major activity was filling cracks and crevices in the walls and floors of human dwellings, detached kitchens, cattle sheds, and other structures such as cattle troughs with mud plaster.	P. argentipes	Total sandflies (monthly collections from 40 houses using light traps).	662 (October 2006)	683 (October 2006)	43 (January 2007) 954 (March 2007)	54 (January 2007) 1219 (March 2007)	RR 0.91 (0.31 to 2.63) (January 2007) RR 0.82 (0.57 to 1.17) (March 2007) The difference was not statistically significant at any time point up to 12 months
Joshi 2009 ASIA	Hamlets or neighnourhoods	Community mobilizers promoted filling of cracks and crevices in houses and cattle sheds. In Nepal and India: wall plastering with lime/mud mixture was promoted (lime was provided free of charge). In Bangladesh: wall plastering with mud only (a token incentive was provided) .	P. argentipes	Mean number of sandflies per per house (light trap) per night at all sites pooled in Nepal, Bangladesh and India.	13.21 (date not stated)	9.41 (date not stated)	10.39 (5 months post intervention)	12.15 (5 months post intervention)	Pre‐intervention P = 0.108 Post‐intervention P = 0.503

Abbreviations: BGD = Bangladesh; EVM = environmental modification.