Table 2:
RCT Studies Evaluating PSA Screening Programs for Prostate Cancer
| Author, Year | Country, Region | Source Population | Randomization Start or Period | Randomized Total | Median Follow-Up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| North America RCTs | |||||
| Labrie et al, 1999 (46) Labrie et al, 2004 (41) | Canada, Quebec (1 site) | Men age 45–80 years of 9 constituencies in Quebec City, identified from 1985 electoral rolls | 1988 | 46,486 (2:1 ratio) | 8 years 11 years |
| Andriole et al, 2012 (48) | United States, (PLCO)a all centres (10 states) | Men age 55–74 years living in cities in 10 states, no population registry available | 1993–2001 | 38,343 volunteers randomized to screening and 38,350 to the control arm | 7 years 10 years 13 years |
| European RCTs | |||||
| Sandblom et al, 2004 (44) Sandblom et al, 2011 (51) | Sweden, Norrkoping | Men age 50–69 years residing in city of Norrkoping, identified from national population register | 1987 | From 9,026 eligible, 1,494 screened (every sixth man from birth date) and remaining 7,532 as controls | 15 years 20 years |
| Kjellman et al, 2009 (43) | Sweden, Stockholm | Men age 55–70 years living in catchment area of Stockholm South Hospital, identified from census records | 1988 | From 26,602 eligible, 2,400 randomly selected and invited and 24,202 as controls | 12.9 years |
| Aus et al, 2007 (56) Bergdahl et al, 2009 (52) Hugosson et al, 2010 (53) | Sweden, Goteborg | Men age 50–66 years (born between 1930 and 1944) living in Goteborg, identified from a population registry | 1995–1996 | From target population of 32,298 men, 10,000 randomized to screening and 10,000 to the control arm | 10 years 12 years 14 years |
| Schroder et al, 2009 (45) Schroder et al, 2012 (55) | ERSPC (Pooled from 7 countries)b | Men age 50–74 years; includes men of all ages from the different centres in 7 countries and the core age group (55–69 years) | 72,890 were randomized to screening and 89,353 to the control arm | 9 years 11 years | |
| De Koning et al, 2002 (62) | ERSPC Belgium | Men age 55–74 years living in Antwerp, identified from population registries | 1992–1999 | 8,750 were randomized to the screening arm and 8,750 to the control arm | Not reported individually |
| de Vries et al, 2007 (58) Zhu et al, 2011 (59) Roobol et al, 2013 (60) | ERSPC Netherlands, Rotterdam | Men age 55–75 years living in Rotterdam and 12 neighbouring municipalities, identified from population registries | 1993–2000 | From 42,376 men, 21,210 were randomized to screening and 21,166 to the control arm. | 4.6 years 11 years 12.8 years |
| Kilpelainen et al, 2010 (63) Kilpelainen et al, 2013 (57) | ERSPC Finland | Men born 1929–1944 (and age cohorts 55, 59, 63, or 67 years) identified from the Finnish Population Registry | 1996–1999 | From 80,144 men, 31,866 were randomized to screening and 48,278 to the control arm | 9 years 12 years |
| Ciatto et al, 2003 (64) | ERSPC Italy | Identified from the residence population database of Florence | 1996 | 7,271 randomized to screening and 7,271 allocated to the control arm | Not reported individually |
| Lujan et al, 2012 (61) | ERSPC Spain | Men age 45–70 years with > 10 years life expectancy, identified from population registries | 1996–1999 | From 27,481 men, 2,416 were allocated to screening and 1,862 to the control arm | 15 years |
| Hugosson et al, 2007 (56) Hugosson et al, 2009 (52) Hugosson et al, 2010 (53) |
ERSPC Sweden, Goteborg | Men age 50–65 years living in the community Goteborg, identified from Swedish population registry | 1991–2003 | From 32,298 men, 10,000 were randomized to screening and 10,000 to the control arm | 10 years 12 years 14 years |
| Kwiatkowski et al, 2003 (65) | ERSPC Switzerland | Men age 55–70 years living in Canton Aargau, identified from unspecified registries | 1998–2003 | From 18,361 men, 3,562 were randomized to screening and 3,562 to the control arm | Not reported individually |
| Jegu, 2009 (66) | ERSPC France | Men age 55–69 years living in cities Tarn or Herault, identified from public health insurance systems | 2003–2005 | From 84,781 men, 42,509 were randomized to screening and 42,191 to the control arm | 4 years |
Abbreviations: ERSPC, European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer; PLCO, Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial.
a
PLCO includes sites in 10 states: Denver, CO; Washington, DC; Honolulu, HI; Detroit, MI; Minneapolis, MN; St. Louis, MO; Brooklyn, NY; Pittsburgh, PA; Salt Lake City, UT; Marshfield, WI.
b
Portugal discontinued in October 2000 and was unable to provide data; France started late in 2001.