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. 2014 Dec 1;14(16):1–78.

Table A13:

Patient Characteristics in Included Observational Studies on the Determinants of Nursing Home Versus Hospital Death

Author, Year Country Sample Size Age (years) Sex Setting Type of Disease Patient and Family Preference for Place of Death Place of Death
Ikegami et al, 2012 (33)
Japan
N = 1,160		 • Mean (SD): 89 (8)
• Male: 342 (30%)		 • Nursing home residents Cause of death

  • Cancer: 76 (7%)

  • Heart disease: 215 (18%)

  • Pneumonia: 237 (21%)

  • Stroke: 61 (5%)

  • Other: 570 (49%)

 Patient

  • Nursing home: 135 (12%)

  • Hospital: 30 (3%)

  • Did not know/no answer: 970 (84%)


Family

  • Nursing home: 643 (56%)

  • Hospital: 185 (16%)

  • Did not know/no answer: 330 (29%)


Agreement between patient and family

  • 736 (64%)

  • Home: 0

  • Nursing home: 548 (47%)

  • Hospital: 610 (53%)
Levy et al, 2012 (34)
United States
N = 7,408		 • Median (range): 78 (21–105)
• Male: 7,224 (98%)		 • Veterans Affairs nursing home residents Not available

  • DNR: 4,635 (63%)

  • DNH: 610 (8%)

  • Home: 0

  • Hospital: 995 (13%)

  • Nursing home: 6,413 (87%)
Houttekier et al, 2011 (19)
Belgium 2007 data (N = 65,435)		 • ≥ 65: 54, 312 (83%)
• Male: 32,522 (50%)		 • General

  • Cancer: 18,322 (28%)

  • CV: 17,013 (26%)

  • Respiratory: 7,852 (12%)

  • Stroke: 5,235 (8%)

  • Other: 17,013 (26%)

 Not available Among 16,097 care home residents
• Nursing home: 12,121 (76%)
Houttekier et al, 2010 (13)
Belgium
N = 1,690		 • ≥ 65: 1,462 (88%)
• Male: 839 (50%)		 • General

  • Cancer: 725 (43%)

  • Cardiovascular: 237 (14%)

  • Respiratory: 157 (9%)

  • Stroke: 121 (7%)

  • Other: 431 (26%)

 Patient (n = 713)

  • Home: 416 (26%)

  • Nursing home: 220 (14%)

  • Other: 77 (5%)

 • Not available
Houttekier et al, 2010 (14)
Netherlands
N = 56,341

  • ≥ 70: 39,348 (70%)

  • Male: 29,635 (53%)

 • General Cause of death

  • Cancer: 39,854 (71%)

  • Heart failure: 6,127 (11%)

 Not available

  • Home: 21,352 (38%)

  • Hospital: 17,902 (32%)

  • Nursing home: 14,861 (26%)
Houttekier et al, 2010 (14)
England
N = 181,238		 • ≥ 70: 131,574 (73%)
• Male: 90,619 (50%)		 • General Cause of death

  • Cancer: 130,491 (72%)

  • Heart failure: 11,599 (6.5%)

 Not available

  • Home: 36,248 (20%)

  • Hospital: 96,499 (53%)

  • Nursing home: 24,395 (13%)
Bell et al, 2009 (25)
United States
N = 1,352		 • Mean: 1,136 (84%)
• Male: 100%		 • General

  • Cancer: 337 (25%)

  • Coronary heart disease: 181 (13%)

  • Stroke: 150 (11%)

  • Dementia: 109 (8%)

  • Respiratory: 54 (4%)

  • Others: 521 (39%)

 Not available

  • Home: 306 (23%)

  • Hospital: 800 (59%)

  • Nursing home: 246 (18%)
Kwak et al, 2008 (36)
United States
N = 30,765		 • Mean (SD): 86 (8)
• Male: 8,306 (27%)		 • Nursing home residents

  • Cancer: 1,661 (5%)

  • Heart disease: 11,291 (37%)

  • Dementia: 4,584 (15%)

  • Other: 13,229 (43%)

 Not available

  • Home: 461 (2%)

  • Hospital: 8,276 (27%)

  • Nursing home: 21,259 (69%)

  • Other: 769 (2%)
Takezako et al, 2007 (37)
Japan
N = 86		 • ≥ 85: 53 (62%)
• Male: 20 (23%)		 • Nursing home residents

  • Cancer: 3 (4%)

  • Heart disease: 20 (23%)

  • Stroke: 35 (41%)

  • Dementia: 56 (65%)

 Patient (N = 16)

  • Nursing home: 12/16 (75%)

  • Hospital: 2 (13%)

  • Not decided: 2 (13%)


Family (n = 84)

  • Nursing home: 52 (62%)

  • Hospital: 20 (24%)

  • Not decided: 9 (11%)

  • Nursing home: 43 (50%)

  • Hospital: 43 (50%)
Motiwala et al, 2006 (28)
Canada
N = 58,689		 • ≥75: 43,071 (73%)
• Male: 27,749 (47%)		 • General

  • Cancer: 19,966 (34%)

  • Dementia: 16,267 (28%)

  • Others: 22,456 (58%)

 Not available • Not available
Levy et al, 2004 (35)
United States
N = 152,494

  • ≥ 65: 146,998 (96%)

  • Male: not reported

 • Medicare nursing home residents • Not available Not available

  • Hospital: 51,187 (34%)

  • Nursing home: 101,307 (66%)

Abbreviations: CV, cardiovascular; DNH, do-not-hospitalize; DNR, do-not-resuscitate; N, number of patients included; SD, standard deviation.