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. 2015 Sep 7;15:623. doi: 10.1186/s12885-015-1640-z

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© Jeon et al. 2015

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 3 — Autophagic flux is differentially regulated by exposure time to 2DG. 2DG was administered to PC3 cell, with CQ or alone, to confirm autophagic flux. a Protein levels of p62 and LC3B in 2DG containing culture medium for the indicated time followed by CQ or no further treatment were observed with western blotting. L.E. means long exposure. (b) Autophagic flux calculated by the accumulated amount of LC3B with treatment of CQ autophagy blocker for 2 h. Data are represented as the means ± SD. ***P < 0.001 for both culture conditions. (c) The changes in intracellular signaling pathway related autophagy regulation were verified for each condition. Phosphorylated levels of mTOR and AKT were checked for whether the inhibitory signal of autophagy was induced. The AMPK signaling pathway was confirmed as an autophagy activating condition