Table 1.

Major components of extracellular vesicles and their functions described.

Origin	Molecule	Function	Reference
Tumor	MHC I and II	Antigen presentation	[18]
	miRNA and mRNA	Oncogenic activity, drug resistance, and metastasis angiogenesis	[19–22]
	CXCR4 and MMP-9	Invasion and migration	[23]
	TrkB, EGFR, and TES complex	Angiogenesis	[24]
	Rab22A, Pabp1, and PSA	Metastasis	[25–27]
	CD40, CD80, CD86, and CD54	Immunity	[28]
	GTPase and Rab27a	Upregulated immune system and inhibited tumor growth	[29]
Bacteria	OmpQ and pertactin	Immunogenic	[30]
	Gene transfer	Communication	[31]
	Gentamycin	Cell death	[32]
	RNAs	Communication	[33, 34]
Protozoa	tGPI-mucin	Activation	[35]
	Tc85	Invasion/adhesion	[36]
	gp63 and LPG	Virulence factor	[37–39]
	TS	Virulence factor	[40, 41]
Fungi	α-gal	Immunogenic	[42]
	GXM and GlcCer	Virulence factor	[43–45]
Eukaryotic mammalian cells	MHC I and II	Antigen presentation	[2]
	FasL	Immune suppression	[13]