Table 4.

Concordance using κ statistics and observed agreement between the random and first morning urine samples for albuminuria in adult participants in NHANES 2009–2010 (n = 5247).^a

Variable	κ	Agreement, % (95% CI)
Overall	0.51	94.3 (93.2–95.3)
Age 20–49 years	0.39	95.6 (94.9–96.3)
Age ≥50 years	0.57	92.7 (90.7–94.6)
Male	0.63	95.9 (94.6–97.1)
Female	0.41	92.8 (91.5–94.1)
Hispanic	0.58	94.0 (92.5–95.5)
Non-Hispanic white	0.48	94.5 (93.1–95.9)
Non-Hispanic black	0.51	92.7 (90.3–95.2)
Diabetesb	0.61	87.4 (84.6–90.1)
No diabetes	0.46	94.9 (94.0–96.0)
Hypertensionc	0.61	92.3 (90.1–94.5)
No hypertension	0.38	95.4 (94.6–96.2)
eGFR,dmL · min−1 · (1.73 m2)−1
≥90	0.41	94.9 (94.0–95.8)
60–89	0.51	94.4 (92.5–96.2)
30–59	0.60	87.2 (81.9–92.6)

^aPercent agreement defined as observed agreement based on agreement of increased ACR and non-increased ACR [# concordant (on diagonal)/total #] × 100. κ defined as (observed agreement − expected agreement)/(1 − expected agreement).

^bDiagnosed by self-report of diagnosis.

^cDefined by self-report of diagnosis, self-reported anti-hypertensive treatment, or measured systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg.

^dDefined by MDRD equation; <30 mL · min⁻¹ · (1.73 m²)⁻¹ not listed owing to small sample size (n = 50).