Table 1.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the study population, overall and by CAM use.
| Characteristic | Sample Size N (%) | CAM Use (%)
|
Sig | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Never Used (N=129) | Past Use (N=209) | Recent Use (N=746) | |||
|
| |||||
| Overall Sample | N=1,084 | 11.9% | 19.3% | 68.8% | |
|
| |||||
| Age (in years) | |||||
| 0–4 years | 100 (9.2) | 12.4 | 3.3 | 10.3 | χ2=23.91, p<0.01 |
| 5–9 years | 371 (34.2) | 32.6 | 26.8 | 36.6 | |
| 10–14 years | 411 (37.9) | 36.4 | 45.0 | 36.2 | |
| 15–18 years | 202 (18.6) | 18.6 | 24.9 | 16.9 | |
|
| |||||
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 899 (82.9) | 82.9 | 86.1 | 82.0 | χ2=1.93, p=0.38 |
| Female | 185 (17.1) | 17.1 | 13.9 | 18.0 | |
|
| |||||
| Race | |||||
| White | 691 (64.9) | 55.2 | 67.8 | 65.7 | χ2=22.20, p=0.08 |
| Black/African-American | 66 (6.2) | 8.0 | 5.4 | 6.1 | |
| Asian | 67 (6.3) | 12.0 | 2.5 | 6.4 | |
| American Indian/Native American | 25 (2.3) | 2.4 | 4.0 | 1.9 | |
| Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 41 (3.8) | 4.8 | 5.4 | 3.3 | |
| Other | 92 (8.6) | 8.8 | 6.9 | 9.1 | |
| Multi-Racial | 26 (2.4) | 1.6 | 2.0 | 2.7 | |
| Prefer not to answer | 57 (5.4) | 7.2 | 5.9 | 4.9 | |
|
| |||||
| Hispanic | 254 (23.8) | 32.0 | 24.8 | 22.2 | χ2=6.29, p=0.18 |
|
| |||||
| Parental Education | |||||
| High school or less | 89 (8.4) | 13.0 | 10.0 | 7.2 | χ2=11.60, p=0.02 |
| Some college/college deg | 698 (66.1) | 68.3 | 69.7 | 64.8 | |
| Some grad/grad deg | 269 (25.5) | 18.7 | 20.4 | 28.0 | |
|
| |||||
| Total Household Income | |||||
| <$20,000 | 35 (3.3) | 1.6 | 3.0 | 3.7 | χ2=13.93, p=0.31 |
| $20,000–39,999 | 114 (10.7) | 9.6 | 7.4 | 11.8 | |
| $40,000–59,999 | 164 (15.4) | 19.2 | 12.4 | 15.6 | |
| $60,000–79,999 | 191 (17.9) | 22.4 | 20.3 | 16.5 | |
| $80,000–99,999 | 132 (12.4) | 12.8 | 15.3 | 11.5 | |
| ≥$100,000 | 324 (30.4) | 28.0 | 32.2 | 30.4 | |
| Prefer not to answer | 105 (9.9) | 6.4 | 9.4 | 10.6 | |
|
| |||||
| Parent Marital Status | |||||
| Married/Living with Partner | 866 (81.3) | 78.4 | 76.2 | 83.2 | χ2=16.64, p=0.03 |
| Single | 45 (4.2) | 5.6 | 5.9 | 3.5 | |
| Separated/Divorced | 135 (12.7) | 11.2 | 16.8 | 11.8 | |
| Widowed | 12 (1.1) | 2.4 | 1.0 | 0.9 | |
| Prefer not to answer | 7 (0.7) | 2.4 | 0.0 | 0.5 | |
|
| |||||
| Study Site | |||||
| Northwest | 279 (25.7) | 20.2 | 25.4 | 26.8 | χ2=7.44, p=0.28 |
| Northern CA | 471 (43.5) | 44.2 | 41.1 | 44.0 | |
| Southern CA | 249 (23.0) | 28.7 | 26.8 | 20.9 | |
| Southeast | 85 (7.8) | 7.0 | 6.7 | 8.3 | |
|
| |||||
| Type of ASD diagnosis | |||||
| ASD | 370 (34.8) | 36.1 | 33.2 | 35.1 | χ2=7.86, p=0.25 |
| Asperger’s Syndrome | 288 (27.1) | 26.2 | 32.2 | 25.8 | |
| Autistic Disorder | 214 (20.1) | 21.3 | 22.0 | 19.4 | |
| PDD-NOS | 191 (18.0) | 16.4 | 12.7 | 19.7 | |
|
| |||||
| Progression of ASD | |||||
| No Change | 53 (4.9) | 5.4 | 4.3 | 5.0 | χ2=10.43, p=0.11 |
| Improved | 967 (90.0) | 87.6 | 90.0 | 89.3 | |
| Worse | 54 (5.0) | 3.9 | 4.3 | 5.4 | |
|
| |||||
| Any psychotropic drug use in past 3 months | 415 (38.9) | 29.0 | 32.8 | 42.2 | χ2=11.66, p<0.01 |
|
| |||||
| Any ER/urgent care visits in last 3 months | 65 (6.0) | 3.9 | 6.7 | 6.2 | χ2=1.25, p=0.54 |
|
| |||||
| By Classroom Setting | |||||
| Special classroom all day | 371 (37.6) | 40.2 | 38.5 | 36.8 | χ2=6.31, p=0.18 |
| Mix of regular and special classrooms | 366 (37.0) | 30.8 | 32.3 | 39.5 | |
| Regular classroom all day | 251 (25.4) | 29.1 | 29.2 | 23.7 | |