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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Res Autism Spectr Disord. 2015 Sep 1;17:40–51. doi: 10.1016/j.rasd.2015.05.002

Table 2.

Types of, frequency and perceived efficacy of CAM use.

CAM Domain Frequency of CAM Use
Perceived Helpful1 N (%)
Past Use N (%) Recent Use N (%)
Products
Any Product Use 218 (18.8) 644 (55.7)
By Therapy
 Multivitamin 259 (22.4) 506 (43.7) 261 (34.0)
 Fish Oil/Omega 3s 149 (12.9) 181 (15.6) 158 (47.9)
 Melatonin 109 (9.4) 186 (16.1) 231 (78.8)
 Vitamin C 151 (13.1) 98 (8.5) 95 (38.3)
 Probiotics 101 (8.7) 89 (7.7) 123 (65.1)
 Vitamin D 84 (7.3) 96 (8.3) 78 (43.6)
 Vitamin B12 97 (8.4) 63 (5.4) 86 (53.8)
 Vitamin B6 97 (8.4) 41 (3.5) 66 (47.8)
 Magnesium 72 (6.2) 50 (4.3) 64 (52.5)
 Zinc 66 (5.7) 34 (2.9) 40 (40.0)
 Digestive Enzymes 60 (5.2) 24 (2.1) 49 (58.3)
 Vitamin A 61 (5.3) 23 (2.0) 36 (42.9)
 Chamomile 48 (4.1) 16 (1.4) 35 (54.7)
 Homeopathic supplement 40 (3.5) 17 (1.5) 34 (59.6)
 Echinacea 43 (3.7) 10 (0.9) 20 (37.7)
 Garlic 24 (2.1) 17 (1.5) 14 (34.1)
 Valerian 19 (1.6) 3 (0.3) 5 (22.7)
 Chinese Herbs 12 (1.0) 3 (0.3) 3 (20.0)
 Evening Primrose 9 (0.8) 3 (0.3) 6 (50.0)
 Gingko Biloba 9 (0.8) 3 (0.3) 4 (33.3)
 Algae 9 (0.8) 2 (0.2) 4 (36.4)
 St. John’s Wort 5 (0.4) 4 (0.3) 3 (33.3)
 Kava 6 (0.5) 1 (0.1) 3 (42.9)

Providers
Any Provider Use 205 (17.7) 97 (8.4)
By Therapy
 Yoga/Tai Chi/Qi Gong 78 (6.7) 33 (2.9) 79 (73.1)
 Chiropractor 61 (5.3) 26 (2.2) 57 (66.3)
 Naturopath 55 (4.8) 17 (1.5) 47 (68.1)
 Massage 51 (4.4) 18 (1.6) 53 (77.9)
 Homeopath 42 (3.6) 12 (1.0) 33 (64.7)
 Meditation 46 (4.0) 23 (2.0) 21 (67.7)
 Acupuncture 23 (2.0) 3 (0.3) 12 (50.0)
 Chelation 25 (2.2) 3 (0.3) 14 (51.9)
 Biofeedback 21 (1.8) 3 (0.3) 11 (47.8)
 Energy Therapy 15 (1.3) 0 (0.0) 8 (57.1)
 Hypnotist 11 (1.0) 3 (0.3) 7 (53.8)
 Traditional Chinese Medicine 12 (1.0) 2 (0.2) 6 (46.2)
 Secretin Provider 10 (0.9) 1 (0.1) 2 (20.0)

Practices
Any Practice Use 304 (26.3) 329 (28.4)
By Therapy
 Special Diets 251 (21.7) 182 (15.7) 310 (71.6)
 Massage 141 (12.2) 124 (10.7) 223 (84.2)
 Yoga/Tai Chi/Qi Gong 87 (7.5) 59 (5.1) 117 (80.1)
 Meditation 42 (3.6) 12 (1.0) 48 (69.6)
 Acupressure 26 (2.2) 9 (0.8) 24 (68.6)
 Energy Therapy 15 (1.3) 4 (0.3) 8 (42.1)
1

N and % of individuals indicating that the therapy was ‘moderately’ or ‘very’ helpful.