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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Semin Nephrol. 2015 May;35(3):222–236. doi: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2015.04.008

Table 2. APOL1 risk allele kidney phenotypes.

Displayed are the range of kidney diseases and conditions for which APOL1 risk variants have been shown to increase risk or alter phenotype.

Kidney disease Phenotype Geographic
region, or age		 Odds ratio Reference
HIV-associated nephropathy N/A USA 29 [4]
N/A South Africa 89 [88]
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and collapsing glomerulopathy N/A Mostly adults 17 [4, 89]
N/A Mostly children N/A [90]
Sickle cell nephropathy Proteinuria Mostly adults 3.4 [91]
Diabetic nephropathy Faster progression to ESKD USA N/A [106]
Arterionephro-sclerosis All CKD stages USA 2.7 [92]
ESKD USA 7 [3]
Lupus nephritis ESKD USA 2.7 [93]
Collapsing glomerulopathy USA 5.4 [94]
Microalbuminuria N/A USA N/A [107]
Chronic kidney disease Not otherwise specified USA 1.5 [96]
Nigeria N/A [97]
ESKD Younger age at dialysis initiation USA N/A [98][99]
Not otherwise specified USA 2.2 [96]
Deceased donor allograft loss N/A USA 3.8 [47]
Kidney number and size Glomerular loss and hypertrophy Mississippi N/A [84]