Table 2.

Effects of heat stress on temporal changes in plasma metabolites

	Day						SEM	P
	P1*	1	2	3	4	5		Trt†	Day	T*D‡
Glucose, mg/dL
PFTN§	111.6	95.9y	96.3y	93.3x	99.0y	98.0y	4.3	0.91	0.04	0.42
HS**	108.9	100.3y	98.3y	85.1x	103.4y	97.0y	3.6
NEFA††, μEq/L
PFTN	70.6	176.5y	240.4y	253.5z	86.7x	113.0x	27.3	<0.01	<0.01	0.07
HS	71.5	128.1y	73.7y	169.9z	45.4x	56.4x	23.8
Insulin, ng/mL
PFTN	0.130	0.061y		0.031x		0.124y	0.017	0.77	<0.01	0.22
HS	0.155	0.088y		0.045x		0.099y	0.015
C-peptide, pmol/L
PFTN	113.6	93.1y		61.0x		131.1y	16.7	0.97	<0.01	0.69
HS	159.9	105.0y		63.8x		118.3y	14.3
Insulin:glucose‡‡, AU
PFTN	1.171	0.618x		0.383x		1.312y	0.161	0.71	<0.01	0.27
HS	1.423	0.683x		0.484x		0.979y	0.135

Days with different letters differ (x–z) (P ≤ 0.05).

^*Represents period 1 values that were statistically used as covariate.

^†Treatment.

^‡Treatment by day interaction.

^§Pair-fed thermoneutral.

^**Heat stress.

^††Nonesterified fatty acids.

^‡‡Insulin to glucose ratio.