Table 2.
Comparison of Paired Associates Learning (PAL) and Pattern Recognition Memory (PRM) test measures in participant groups.
| Measure | AD+ group | AD− group | Control group | One-way ANOVA | Bonferroni post-hoc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PAL First trial memory score | 9.50±3.59 | 8.78±3.79 | 17.83±4.68 | F= 47.08; p<0.001 | CG>AD+,AD− AD+=AD− |
| PAL Mean errors to success | 8.47±3.31 | 8.48±2.63 | 2.64±2.86 | F=39.88; p<0.001 | CG<AD+,AD− AD+=AD− |
| PAL Mean trials to success | 3.67±0.68 | 3.74±0.76 | 1.85±0.71 | F=68.14; p<0.001 | CG<AD+,AD− AD+=AD− |
| PAL Stages completed | 6.30±1.12 | 6.00±0.88 | 7.93±0.25 | F=47.27; p<0.001 | CG>AD+,AD− AD+=AD− |
| PAL Stages completed on first trial | 3.60±1.28 | 3.50±1.19 | 5.40±1.22 | F=23.01; p<0.001 | CG>AD+,AD− AD+=AD− |
| PAL Total errors (adjusted) | 107.3±36.6 | 119.2±32.2 | 20.83±22.3 | F=91.42; p<0.001 | CG<AD+,AD− AD+=AD− |
| PAL Total errors (1 shape, adjusted) | 0.10±0.40 | 0.34±0.83 | 0.00±0.00 | F=3.349*; p<0.05 | Comparison not valid |
| PAL Total errors (2 shapes, adjusted) | 2.10±2.39 | 2.15±3.07 | 0.33±1.02 | F=5.930*; p<0.05 | Comparison not valid |
| PAL Total errors (3 shapes, adjusted) | 12.63±12.5 | 13.15±12.2 | 1.20±1.39 | F=13.43*; p<0.001 | Comparison not valid |
| PAL Total errors (6 shapes, adjusted) | 33.00±15.2 | 38.71±13.8 | 6.07±6.87 | F=59.09; p<0.001 | CG<AD+,AD− AD+=AD− |
| PAL Total errors (8 shapes, adjusted) | 59.50±16.9 | 64.84±14.5 | 13.23±14.1 | F=105.9; p<0.001 | CG<AD+,AD− AD+=AD− |
| PAL Total trials (adjusted) | 31.67±7.16 | 32.75±7.27 | 14.57±5.08 | F=72.59; p<0.001 | CG<AD+,AD− AD+=AD− |
| PRM immediate; Number correct | 8.03±1.47 | 7.44±1.65 | 9.93±1.39 | F=22.84; p<0.001 | CG>AD+,AD− AD+=AD− |
| PRM delayed; Number correct | 6.30±1.84 | 6.43±1.39 | 9.40±1.69 | F=34.25; p<0.001 | CG>AD+,AD− AD+=AD− |
Measures of CANTAB tests provided as Mean ±SD of the Raw Score;
*
Levene test significant (P<0.05), ANOVA invalidated.