Table I.

Overview of the existing and emerging nanorobotic applications across specialties of medicine.

Specialty	Brief Description	Reference
Microbiology	Use of magnetotactic bacteria to transport and navigate nanorobots	12, 13, 15
Hematology	Circulating “respirocyte” nanorobots to deliver oxygen and return remove waste products from periphery	22
Hematology	Circulating “clottocyte “nanorobot with hemostatic functions	26
Hematology	Phagocytic “microbivores” with customizable antigen binding sites for targeting of pathogens	28
Dentistry	Dental anesthesia and sensitive teeth through nanorobot penetrating dentinal tubules for occlusion or administration of targeted analgesic	31, 32, 35, 36
Dentistry	Enhancement of the success rate of root canal procedures by providing visualization of root	33
Dentistry	Improved daily dental hygiene and teeth cosmetics by replacement of enamel layers	32
Neurosurgery	Single axon manipulation and transection with use nanoknife	42, 43
Neurosurgery	Circulating nanorobot for the monitoring of intracranial aneurysm development and progression	48
Oncology	Screening nanorobot circulating and monitoring for detection of neoplasia	54
Oncology	Direct drug delivery to cancerous tissue to limit systemic toxicity and increase effectiveness	57
Oncology	Mapping of margins of tumor to improve resection during surgery	58, 59
Vascular	Screening for atherosclerosis, cancer, aneurysms, and more	62-64
Vascular	Localization of bleeding site for assisting embolization	68