Table 1.
Bronchodilator initiators (N=4,387) | |
---|---|
Age on the index dates, mean (SD) | 61.18 (15.86) |
Male, % | 73.03 |
Years of index dates, % | |
2001–2003 | 47.71 |
2004–2006 | 27.70 |
2007–2010 | 24.60 |
Comorbidities, % | |
Hypertension | 29.82 |
Hypertensive heart and renal disease | 14.75 |
Ischemic heart disease/angina | 18.37 |
Myocardial infarction | 1.19 |
Coronary revascularization | 0.75 |
Cardiac dysrhythmia | 8.96 |
Atrial fibrillation | 2.17 |
Congestive heart failure | 5.65 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 10.78 |
Ischemic/hemorrhagic stroke | 8.00 |
Transient ischemic attack | 1.69 |
Diabetes mellitus | 15.14 |
Pneumonia, influenza, and acute bronchitis | 35.74 |
Rheumatoid arthritis/osteoarthritis | 18.28 |
Any cancer (except lung cancer) | 6.38 |
Lung cancer | 2.26 |
Depressive disorder | 4.65 |
Resource utilization | |
Hospitalization, % | 27.42 |
Hospitalization due to COPD episodes, % | 6.86 |
Hospitalization due to cardiovascular episodesa, % | 13.20 |
Number of outpatient visits, mean (SD) | 24.38 (19.83) |
Number of outpatient visits due to COPD episodes, mean (SD) | 1.05 (2.49) |
Number of outpatient visits due to cardiovascular episodesa, mean (SD) | 4.43 (7.65) |
Notes:
Cardiovascular episodes included hypertension, hypertensive heart/renal disease, ischemic heart disease/angina, myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, cardiac dysrhythmia, atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, ischemic/hemorrhagic stroke, and transient ischemic attack.