Table 1.

Demographic characteristics of bronchodilator initiators at baseline

	Bronchodilator initiators (N=4,387)
Age on the index dates, mean (SD)	61.18 (15.86)
Male, %	73.03
Years of index dates, %
2001–2003	47.71
2004–2006	27.70
2007–2010	24.60
Comorbidities, %
Hypertension	29.82
Hypertensive heart and renal disease	14.75
Ischemic heart disease/angina	18.37
Myocardial infarction	1.19
Coronary revascularization	0.75
Cardiac dysrhythmia	8.96
Atrial fibrillation	2.17
Congestive heart failure	5.65
Cerebrovascular disease	10.78
Ischemic/hemorrhagic stroke	8.00
Transient ischemic attack	1.69
Diabetes mellitus	15.14
Pneumonia, influenza, and acute bronchitis	35.74
Rheumatoid arthritis/osteoarthritis	18.28
Any cancer (except lung cancer)	6.38
Lung cancer	2.26
Depressive disorder	4.65
Resource utilization
Hospitalization, %	27.42
Hospitalization due to COPD episodes, %	6.86
Hospitalization due to cardiovascular episodesa, %	13.20
Number of outpatient visits, mean (SD)	24.38 (19.83)
Number of outpatient visits due to COPD episodes, mean (SD)	1.05 (2.49)
Number of outpatient visits due to cardiovascular episodesa, mean (SD)	4.43 (7.65)

Notes:

^aCardiovascular episodes included hypertension, hypertensive heart/renal disease, ischemic heart disease/angina, myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, cardiac dysrhythmia, atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, ischemic/hemorrhagic stroke, and transient ischemic attack.