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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Educ Psychol. 2015 Jan 19;107(3):756–770. doi: 10.1037/edu0000017

Table 5.

SEM Results for Early (6 to 36 months) Parenting Predicting Children's Later (54 months) Executive Functions

B SE β
Covariates
    Maternal education (years) 0.06 0.02 .18***
    Ethnicity (European-American = −1, all others = 1) −0.11 0.04 −.11**
    Income-to-needs ratio 0.03 0.01 .09*
    Child gender (boys = −1, girls = 1) 0.20 0.03 .23***
    Child difficult temperament at 6 months 0.01 0.08 .01
    Bayley Mental Developmental Index at 15 months 0.01 0.00 .20***
Parenting at 6 to 36 months
    Autonomy support
        Model with covariates only 0.24 0.05 .20***
        Model with other dimensions of parenting and covariates 0.18 0.06 .16**
    Warmth
        Model with covariates only 0.22 0.05 .19***
        Model with other dimensions of parenting and covariates 0.07 0.06 .07
    Cognitive stimulation
        Model with covariates only 0.20 0.05 .17***
        Model with other dimensions of parenting and covariates 0.14 0.06 .12*
*

p < .05.

**

p < .01.

***

p < .001.