Table 6.

SEM Results for Early (6 to 36 months) Parenting Predicting Children's Elementary and High School Achievement

	Elementary School			High School
	B	SE	β	B	SE	β
Covariates
Maternal education (years)	1.18	0.20	.21***	1.17	0.17	.28***
Ethnicity (European-American = −1, all others = 1)	−0.90	0.50	−.05	−1.41	0.42	−.11***
Income-to-needs ratio	0.50	0.16	.10**	0.31	0.14	.09*
Child gender (boys = −1, girls =1)	−0.78	0.39	−.06*	−1.06	0.33	−.10**
Child difficult temperament at 6 months	−1.56	0.97	−.05	−0.86	0.83	−.03
Bayley Mental Developmental Index at 15 months	0.22	0.03	.22***	0.15	0.03	.20***
Parenting practices at 6 to 36 months
Autonomy support
Model with covariates only	2.42	0.61	.13***	3.31	0.52	.23***
Model with other dimensions of parenting and covariates	1.79	0.68	.09**	3.03	0.58	.21***
Warmth
Model with covariates only	2.35	0.59	.13***	2.08	0.50	.15***
Model with other dimensions of parenting and covariates	1.07	0.72	.06	0.33	0.61	.02
Cognitive stimulation
Model with covariates only	1.78	0.61	.09**	1.43	0.52	.10**
Model with other dimensions of parenting and covariates	1.07	0.67	.06	0.88	0.58	.06

^*p < .05.

^**p < .01.

^***p < .001.