Schematic showing the use of human pluripotent stem cells from patients with diabetes and metabolic diseases to study disease mechanisms in vitro. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived from patients with monogenic diabetes, syndromes of insulin resistance, type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndromes can be differentiated into pancreatic cells, skeletal myocyotes, hepatic cells, adipocytes and immune cells, where relevant, to study disease mechanisms in vitro.