Table 3.
Types of human noncoding RNAs in gastric cancer.
| Types | Name | Expression | Putative biological processes involved | Biomarker potential | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sncRNAs | piR-651 | Upregulated (tissue) | Proliferation and cell cycle | Predictor of early diagnosis | [95] |
| piR-823 | Downregulated (tissue, cell, and peripheral blood) | Proliferation and cell metastasis | Noninvasive diagnosis biomarker | [75, 96] | |
| miR-222 | Upregulated (plasma) | Tumor metastasis | Noninvasive biomarker for the early detection and prognosis | [104] | |
|
| |||||
| lncRNAs | HOTAIR | Upregulated (tissue) | Tumor metastasis and cell invasion | Predictor of lymph node metastasis and poor survival | [113, 115, 116] |
| LINC00152 | Upregulated (tissue, gastric juice, and plasma) | Cell invasion | Noninvasive diagnosis biomarker | [118, 119] | |
| H19 | Upregulated (tissue, cell, and plasma) | Proliferation, tumorigenesis, migration, invasion, and cell metastasis | Noninvasive biomarker for early diagnosis | [98, 120, 124, 125] | |