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Effects of odors and aBNST inactivation on defensive behavior. Rats were exposed to neck odor (neck), female urine (female), alarm pheromone (alarm), or fox urine (fox). (A) Head out behavior, (B) time spent in the center, in percentage of the time spent outside. Data are expressed as means ± SEMs. *p < 0.05, ++p < 0.01, comparison with saline/alarm pheromone.
