Panel 2.
GRADE interventions according to outcomes.
| What works | What might work | Insufficient evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Mortality (neonatal or infant or child) | ||
| Corticosteroid for prevention of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome | Tetanus immunization in pregnancy (tetanus toxoid vs. placebo) | Family planning |
| Early initiation of breastfeeding | Prophylactic antimalarial during pregnancy | Periconceptional folic acid supplementation |
| Hygienic cord care | Induction of labour for prolonged pregnancy | Folic acid supplementation during pregnancy⁎ |
| Kangaroo mother care for low birth weight babies | Case management of neonatal sepsis, meningitis and pneumonia | Iron supplementation during pregnancy |
| Provision and promotion of use of insecticide treated bed nets for children | Prophylactic and therapeutic use of surfactant | Tetanus immunization in pregnancy (TT vs. diphtheria and influenza) |
| Vitamin A supplementation from 6 months of age | Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) | Smoking cessation during pregnancy |
| Case management of childhood malaria | Prevention and treatment of eclampsia | |
| Case management of childhood pneumonia | Active management for third stage of labour | |
| Vitamin A as part of treatment for measles associated pneumonia for children above 6 months | Induction of labour for PROM | |
| Home visits across the continuum of care women's groups | Antibiotic for PROM | |
| Thermal care for all newborns | ||
| Neonatal resuscitation with bag and mask | ||
| Presumptive antibiotic therapy for newborns | ||
| Case management of childhood malaria (monthly sulfadoxine pyrimethamine (SP) compared to standard 2-dose SP) | ||
| Comprehensive care of children infected or exposed to HIV infection | ||
| Vitamin A as part of treatment for non-measles-associated pneumonia for children above 6 months | ||
| Case management of diarrhoea | ||
| Perinatal mortality | ||
| Antenatal care | Periconceptional folic acid supplementation vs. placebo | |
| Prophylactic antimalarial during pregnancy | Smoking cessation during pregnancy | |
| Induction of labour for prolonged pregnancy | Calcium supplementation | |
| Home visits across the continuum of care women's groups | Prevention and treatment of eclampsia (MgSO4 vs. none or other) |
|
| External cephalic version | ||
| Induction of labour for PROM | ||
| Antibiotic for PROM⁎⁎ | ||
| Corticosteroid for prevention of neonatal RDS (dexamethasone versus betamethasone) | ||
| Stillbirths | ||
| Provision and promotion of ITNs⁎⁎⁎ | Periconceptional folic acid supplementation vs. no treatment/placebo | |
| Prophylactic antimalarial during pregnancy | Folic acid supplementation during pregnancy⁎ | |
| Induction of labour for prolonged pregnancy | Smoking cessation during pregnancy | |
| Home visits across the continuum of care women's groups | ||
Interventions in bold indicate that the outcomes estimates were statistically significant.
⁎
Stillbirths + neonatal mortality.
⁎⁎
Perinatal mortality or death before discharge.
⁎⁎⁎
Foetal loss (miscarriage and stillbirths).