Table 3.
Intercorrelations among test scores by grade level.
| Test | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd grade | 1. Numerosity comparison(ACC) | – | |||||||||
| 2. Nuemrosity comparison(RT) | 0.65*** | – | |||||||||
| 3. Figure-matching(ACC) | 0.61*** | 0.35*** | – | ||||||||
| 4. Figure-mathcing(RT) | 0.49*** | 0.58*** | 0.53*** | – | |||||||
| 5. Computational fluency | 0.37*** | 0.21* | 0.47*** | 0.25** | – | ||||||
| 6. Verbal WM forward | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.21* | 0.19* | 0.30** | – | |||||
| 7. Visual tracing | −0.00 | −0.03 | 0.13 | 0.02 | 0.18* | 0.28** | – | ||||
| 8. Non-verbal matrix reasoning | 0.12 | −0.02 | 0.33*** | 0.00 | 0.25** | 0.10 | 0.25** | – | |||
| 9. Mental rotation | −0.13 | −0.14 | 0.10 | −0.02 | 0.14 | 0.19* | 0.16 | 0.08 | – | ||
| 10. Choice reaction time | −0.17 | 0.24* | −0.26** | −0.02 | −0.10 | −0.03 | −0.09 | −0.07 | −0.06 | – | |
| 11. Mathematical achievement | 0.28** | 0.24** | 0.32*** | 0.28** | 0.36*** | 0.23* | 0.09 | 0.16 | −0.09 | −0.09 | |
| 4th grade | 1. Numerosity comparison(ACC) | – | |||||||||
| 2. Nuemrosity comparison(RT) | 0.65*** | – | |||||||||
| 3. Figure-matching(ACC) | 0.40*** | 0.37*** | – | ||||||||
| 4. Figure-mathcing(RT) | 0.41*** | 0.59*** | 0.41*** | – | |||||||
| 5. Computational fluency | 0.29*** | 0.18* | 0.34*** | 0.13 | – | ||||||
| 6. Verbal WM forward | 0.07 | −0.02 | 0.14 | −0.05 | 0.24** | – | |||||
| 7. Visual tracing | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.03 | −0.10 | 0.20* | 0.06 | – | ||||
| 8. Non-verbal matrix reasoning | 0.24** | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.11 | 0.28** | 0.02 | 0.19* | – | |||
| 9. Mental rotation | 0.07 | 0.11 | −0.07 | 0.03 | 0.07 | −0.03 | 0.20* | 0.22* | – | ||
| 10. Choice reaction time | 0.02 | 0.07 | −0.04 | 0.05 | −0.12 | −0.08 | −0.15 | −0.03 | 0.05 | – | |
| 11. Mathematical achievement | 0.18* | 0.03 | 0.14 | −0.02 | 0.38*** | 0.20* | 0.14 | 0.29*** | 0.19* | −0.18* | |
| 5th grade | 1. Numerosity comparison(ACC) | – | |||||||||
| 2. Nuemrosity comparison(RT) | 0.50*** | – | |||||||||
| 3. Figure-matching(ACC) | 0.53** | 0.39*** | – | ||||||||
| 4. Figure-mathcing(RT) | 0.38*** | 0.50*** | 0.49*** | – | |||||||
| 5. Computational fluency | 0.22** | 0.06 | 0.36*** | 0.18* | – | ||||||
| 6. Verbal WM forward | 0.21** | −0.002 | 0.16* | 0.08 | 0.08 | – | |||||
| 7. Visual tracing | 0.24* | −0.06 | 0.24** | 0.02 | 0.19* | 0.13 | – | ||||
| 8. Non-verbal matrix reasoning | 0.27** | 0.15 | 0.19* | 0.17* | 0.20* | 0.11 | 0.34*** | – | |||
| 9. Mental rotation | 0.21** | 0.13 | 0.27** | 0.09 | 0.17* | 0.08 | 0.34*** | 0.42*** | – | ||
| 10.Choice reaction time | −0.22** | 0.02* | −0.12 | 0.05 | −0.13 | −0.15 | −0.23** | −0.13 | −0.07 | – | |
| 11. Mathematical achievement | 0.25** | 0.06 | 0.21** | 0.12 | 0.43*** | 0.26** | 0.33*** | 0.34*** | 0.27** | −0.22** |
The sample size was 120 for 3th grade, 146 for 4th grade, and 158 for 5th grade,
*
p < 0.05,
**
p < 0.01,
***
p < 0.001.
RT, Reaction time; ACC, Accuracy (%).