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. 2015 Aug 21;27(8):2501–2506. doi: 10.1589/jpts.27.2501

Table 1. Demographic characteristics of the groups.

Exercise group (n=30) NMES group (n=30)


Means±SD Upper-lower limits Means ±SD Upper and lower limits
Age (years) 64.6±6.6 71–58 66.2±7.2 73–59
Height (cm) 159.9±6.9 167–153 158.4±4.9 163–153
Weight (kg) 76.7±11.5 88–65 73.0±10.1 83–63
BMI (kg/m²) 30.1±4.6 35–26 29.1±3.9 33–25

NMES: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation, BMI: Body Mass Index. Descriptive statistics were used for statistical analysis. p˂0.05 was considered statistically significant.