Table 1. Characteristics of adults aged 18–64 years with current asthma and influenza vaccination coveragea.
| Characteristics | n in sampleb | Population %c (95% CI) | Influenza vaccination coverage | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| %d (95% CI) | PRe (95% CI) | |||
| Age group (years) | ||||
| 18–49 | 13,956 | 70.1 (69.0, 71.1) | 36.3 (34.5, 38.2) | 1.00 (ref) |
| 50–64 | 14,853 | 29.9 (28.9, 31.0) | 57.5 (55.9, 59.1) | 1.52 (1.43, 1.61) |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 7,525 | 37.9 (36.4, 39.4) | 38.9 (36.3, 41.5) | 1.00 ref |
| Female | 21,284 | 62.1 (60.6, 63.6) | 45.0 (43.5, 46.5) | 1.13 (1.05, 1.21) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 23,191 | 74.1 (72.8, 75.5) | 44.4 (42.9, 46.0) | 1.00 ref |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 1,721 | 9.0 (8.2, 9.8) | 34.5 (30.3, 38.7) | 0.81 (0.71, 0.92) |
| Hispanic | 1,446 | 9.6 (8.6, 10.6) | 37.0 (31.6, 42.4) | 0.94 (0.82, 1.09) |
| Other, non-Hispanic | 2,271 | 7.3 (6.5, 8.1) | 42.1 (36.5, 47.8) | 1.01 (0.89, 1.15) |
| Education level | ||||
| ≤High school | 9,462 | 34.3 (32.9, 35.8) | 39.7 (37.0, 42.4) | 0.98 (0.91, 1.06) |
| >High school | 19,331 | 65.7 (64.2, 67.5) | 44.3 (42.7, 45.9) | 1.00 ref |
| Household income ($) | ||||
| <50,000 | 14,911 | 51.0 (49.5, 52.4) | 38.4 (36.4, 40.4) | 1.00 ref |
| ≥50,000 | 11,564 | 49.0 (47.6, 50.5) | 47.0 (45.0, 48.9) | 1.13 (1.06, 1.21) |
| Health insurance | ||||
| Yes | 25,327 | 85.9 (84.8, 87.1) | 45.5 (44.0, 46.9) | 1.00 ref |
| No | 3,383 | 14.1 (12.9, 15.2) | 25.8 (21.6, 30.0) | 0.64 (0.54, 0.75) |
| Employment statusf | ||||
| Employed | 17,538 | 64.0 (62.6, 65.4) | 41.3 (39.6, 43.0) | 1.00 ref |
| Not employed | 11,271 | 36.0 (34.6, 37.4) | 45.3 (42.9, 47.7) | 1.04 (0.96, 1.12) |
| Work-related asthma | ||||
| Work-related asthma | 3,003 | 8.9 (8.3, 9.6) | 48.5 (44.7, 52.4) | 1.08 (0.98, 1.20) |
| Possible work-related asthma | 11,421 | 36.9 (35.5, 38.2) | 41.1 (39.0, 43.3) | 0.98 (0.92, 1.05) |
| Non–work-related asthma | 14,226 | 54.2 (52.8, 55.6) | 42.8 (40.8, 44.8) | 1.00 ref |
| Other chronic diseaseg | ||||
| Yes | 6,170 | 15.3 (14.5, 16.1) | 53.4 (50.7, 56.1) | 1.16 (1.08, 1.24) |
| No | 22,372 | 84.7 (83.9, 85.5) | 40.8 (39.2, 42.3) | 1.00 ref |
| Ability to see a doctor for asthma if neededf | ||||
| Yes | 25,442 | 87.7 (86.7, 88.6) | 44.6 (43.1, 46.0) | 1.27 (1.12, 1.46) |
| No | 3,213 | 12.3 (11.4, 13.3) | 29.8 (26.3, 33.3) | 1.00 ref |
| Routine checkup for asthmaf | ||||
| Yes | 24,559 | 86.5 (85.5, 87.5) | 42.9 (41.4, 44.4) | 1.02 (0.92, 1.13) |
| No | 3,965 | 13.5 (12.5, 14.5) | 41.1 (37.4, 44.8) | 1.00 ref |
| Physician contactsh | ||||
| None | 11,567 | 42.5 (41.1, 43.9) | 32.1 (30.2, 34.0) | 1.00 ref |
| 1 | 5,127 | 18.7 (17.5, 19.9) | 49.8 (46.1, 53.5) | 1.40 (1.27, 1.54) |
| 2–3 | 5,434 | 18.7 (17.7, 19.7) | 48.6 (45.7, 51.5) | 1.40 (1.28, 1.52) |
| 4–9 | 4,683 | 14.0 (13.1, 14.8) | 52.4 (49.1, 55.7) | 1.42 (1.30, 1.55) |
| ≥10 | 1,898 | 6.1 (5.5, 6.7) | 50.7 (45.7, 55.6) | 1.48 (1.30, 1.69) |
| Asthma control | ||||
| Well controlled | 13,817 | 50.6 (49.2, 52.1) | 40.3 (38.4, 42.3) | 1.00 ref |
| Not well controlled | 7,438 | 27.1 (25.8, 28.4) | 43.1 (40.3, 45.9) | 1.10 (1.02, 1.19) |
| Very poorly controlled | 7,543 | 22.2 (21.2, 23.3) | 47.7 (45.1, 50.3) | 1.16 (1.07, 1.25) |
| Adverse asthma outcomesf | ||||
| Asthma attack | ||||
| Yes | 15,653 | 53.0 (51.6, 54.5) | 44.4 (42.5, 46.3) | 1.08 (1.01, 1.15) |
| No | 12,902 | 47.0 (45.5, 48.4) | 40.7 (38.6, 42.8) | 1.00 ref |
| Urgent treatment for worsening asthma | ||||
| Yes | 7,251 | 23.4 (22.4, 24.5) | 49.2 (46.6, 51.7) | 1.18 (1.10, 1.26) |
| No | 21,155 | 76.6 (75.5, 77.6) | 40.3 (38.7, 41.9) | 1.00 ref |
| Asthma-related emergency room visit | ||||
| Yes | 3,578 | 12.2 (11.3, 13.1) | 45.0 (41.1, 48.9) | 1.08 (0.97, 1.20) |
| No | 25,083 | 87.8 (86.9, 88.7) | 42.1 (40.7, 43.6) | 1.00 ref |
| Overnight stay in hospital because of asthma | ||||
| Yes | 1,120 | 3.2 (2.7, 3.7) | 60.3 (53.5, 67.0) | 1.28 (1.11, 1.45) |
| No | 27,531 | 96.8 (96.3, 97.3) | 41.9 (40.5, 43.3) | 1.00 ref |
| Total | 28,809 | 42.7 (41.3, 44.1) | ||
Note: Boldface indicates significance.
Data were collected in 38 states (Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, and Wisconsin) and the District of Columbia during 2006–2009.
Unweighted sample size (the numbers may not add up to the total because of missing values)
Distribution presented as weighted average annual estimate
Proportion presented as weighted average annual estimate
Adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, annual household income, health insurance, and chronic disease. For each model, the outcome variable was influenza vaccination.
In the past 12 months
Diabetes or cardiovascular disease
Includes doctor's visits for routine asthma checkup, doctor's visits for urgent treatment of worsening asthma symptoms or an asthma episode or attack, and emergency room visits because of asthma in the past 12 months
PR, prevalence ratio