Table 1.
Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Unadjusted Distribution of Predicted 10-Year Risk for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Among US Adults Aged 40 to 79 Years Without Self-reported CVDa
| Variable | 1999-2000 (n = 1965) |
2001-2002 (n = 2176) |
2003-2004 (n = 1984) |
2005-2006 (n = 2011) |
2007-2008 (n = 2703) |
2009-2010 (n = 2864) |
2011-2012 (n = 2404) |
P Value for Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SE), y | ||||||||
| Total | 54.3 (0.4) | 53.5 (0.2) | 53.8 (0.3) | 54.1 (0.6) | 54.4 (0.3) | 54.8 (0.2) | 55.1 (0.3) | .002 |
| NHW | 54.8 (0.5) | 54.0 (0.3) | 54.2 (0.4) | 54.7 (0.7) | 54.9 (0.4) | 55.5 (0.3) | 55.8 (0.3) | .002 |
| NHB | 52.5 (0.4) | 52.0 (0.7) | 52.9 (0.6) | 53.0 (0.5) | 53.5 (0.4) | 53.9 (0.5) | 54.1 (0.5) | .001 |
| MA | 51.2 (0.5) | 50.6 (0.9) | 51.2 (0.8) | 51.3 (0.5) | 51.8 (0.8) | 51.8 (0.5) | 50.6 (0.7) | .75 |
| Current smoker, % (SE) | ||||||||
| Total | 20.6 (1.6) | 20.5 (1.1) | 22.1 (1.2) | 22.2 (1.6) | 19.8 (1.7) | 17.1 (1.1) | 19.1 (0.9) | .045 |
| NHW | 19.5 (1.8) | 18.8 (1.5) | 20.9 (1.2) | 21.4 (2.2) | 19.5 (2.4) | 15.7 (1.4) | 19.3 (1.1) | .31 |
| NHB | 31.3 (3.3) | 29.7 (2.7) | 29.3 (2.9) | 27.0 (2.5) | 25.8 (2.2) | 28.7 (4.0) | 22.0 (2.6) | .04 |
| MA | 20.8 (2.6) | 21.5 (1.5) | 20.6 (2.4) | 19.0 (1.8) | 16.9 (2.5) | 17.8 (1.9) | 18.5 (3.1) | .19 |
| TC, mean (SE), mg/dL | ||||||||
| Total | 214.3 (1.9) | 211.7 (1.5) | 209.8 (1.5) | 207.1 (1.1) | 205.2 (1.3) | 205.9 (1.7) | 205.0 (1.3) | <.001 |
| NHW | 216.6 (2.4) | 210.8 (1.4) | 211.0 (1.6) | 207.6 (1.4) | 205.0 (1.6) | 207.2 (2.0) | 206.6 (1.6) | <.001 |
| NHB | 204.2 (2.6) | 208.6 (3.1) | 203.9 (2.1) | 197.8 (2.1) | 200.1 (1.8) | 199.7 (1.6) | 198.3 (1.6) | .001 |
| MA | 211.9 (1.2) | 209.2 (3.5) | 208.5 (2.8) | 208.1 (1.7) | 208.2 (1.6) | 204.2 (1.6) | 200.3 (2.9) | .001 |
| HDL-C, mean (SE), mg/dL | ||||||||
| Total | 52.2 (0.9) | 52.9 (0.5) | 54.6 (0.5) | 55.5 (0.4) | 52.9 (0.6) | 54.9 (0.5) | 54.1 (0.7) | .04 |
| NHW | 52.8 (1.1) | 53.1 (0.7) | 54.7 (0.5) | 55.6 (0.5) | 52.8 (0.7) | 55.3 (0.7) | 54.8 (0.9) | .08 |
| NHB | 53.7 (0.8) | 56.5 (1.0) | 57.6 (1.0) | 59.2 (0.8) | 58.3 (0.9) | 57.4 (0.9) | 56.2 (0.6) | .02 |
| MA | 48.2 (0.8) | 48.9 (0.5) | 50.2 (0.6) | 50.0 (1.0) | 49.9 (0.8) | 50.1 (1.0) | 49.2 (1.1) | .30 |
| SBP, mean (SE), mm Hg | ||||||||
| Total | 127.3 (0.9) | 126.2 (0.5) | 126.1 (0.7) | 125.0 (0.6) | 123.6 (0.5) | 122.6 (0.6) | 123.8 (0.7) | <.001 |
| NHW | 126.3 (1.1) | 125.7 (0.6) | 125.4 (0.8) | 124.6 (0.6) | 123.3 (0.6) | 121.8 (0.7) | 123.2 (0.8) | <.001 |
| NHB | 132.9 (1.0) | 132.2 (1.0) | 130.7 (1.5) | 130.6 (0.7) | 126.9 (1.7) | 128.5 (1.2) | 128.1 (1.0) | <.001 |
| MA | 127.7 (1.0) | 125.5 (0.6) | 125.8 (1.4) | 123.9 (0.9) | 123.9 (1.3) | 125.1 (0.8) | 122.7 (1.1) | .001 |
| Diabetes, % (SE)b | ||||||||
| Total | 9.9 (1.2) | 10.1 (0.8) | 10.9 (0.8) | 10.5 (1.0) | 12.6 (0.9) | 12.6 (1.0) | 13.5 (0.7) | .001 |
| NHW | 7.5 (1.3) | 7.8 (0.8) | 9.5 (1.1) | 8.4 (1.1) | 10.0 (1.4) | 9.8 (0.8) | 10.6 (0.9) | .02 |
| NHB | 17.7 (1.8) | 15.7 (1.8) | 14.6 (1.4) | 17.8 (2.5) | 23.7 (1.1) | 20.2 (1.8) | 24.1 (2.3) | .001 |
| MA | 16.5 (2.2) | 17.7 (1.1) | 18.7 (1.9) | 18.9 (1.1) | 20.5 (2.2) | 21.4 (2.3) | 22.6 (3.2) | .04 |
| Predicted 10-y ASCVD risk, % (SE) | ||||||||
| <7.5% | ||||||||
| Total | ||||||||
| Total | 63.1 (1.9) | 66.1 (1.4) | 65.7 (0.9) | 66.5 (2.1) | 67.1 (1.3) | 66.5 (0.9) | 63.9 (1.1) | .54 |
| NHW | 63.1 (2.6) | 66.9 (1.7) | 66.1 (1.2) | 67.1 (2.5) | 68.0 (1.8) | 66.9 (0.9) | 64.6 (1.5) | .53 |
| NHB | 54.1 (2.6) | 57.2 (2.2) | 57.4 (2.2) | 55.7 (2.8) | 57.4 (2.8) | 54.0 (2.5) | 51.3 (2.2) | .25 |
| MA | 69.2 (2.3) | 73.4 (3.7) | 73.4 (3.1) | 72.4 (2.1) | 69.9 (3.0) | 70.6 (3.3) | 72.1 (4.5) | .99 |
| Men | ||||||||
| Total | 52.1 (2.5) | 58.1 (1.9) | 54.0 (1.9) | 57.3 (2.9) | 56.3 (1.8) | 54.9 (1.2) | 48.7 (2.4) | .23 |
| NHW | 52.2 (3.4) | 59.5 (2.2) | 55.1 (2.4) | 59.1 (3.6) | 57.6 (2.4) | 54.4 (1.3) | 49.1 (3.2) | .28 |
| NHB | 47.8 (3.5) | 46.7 (4.5) | 46.7 (3.1) | 42.4 (3.5) | 48.6 (4.8) | 44.0 (2.4) | 32.0 (3.0) | .006 |
| MA | 58.2 (3.5) | 66.5 (4.5) | 65.3 (3.9) | 65.2 (3.0) | 59.9 (4.0) | 61.1 (4.5) | 57.4 (7.5) | .51 |
| Women | ||||||||
| Total | 72.6 (1.8) | 74.0 (1.4) | 76.5 (1.4) | 74.7 (2.2) | 76.7 (1.5) | 76.9 (0.9) | 77.6 (1.1) | .005 |
| NHW | 72.9 (2.3) | 74.3 (1.8) | 76.5 (1.3) | 74.5 (2.5) | 77.4 (2.0) | 78.3 (1.0) | 78.6 (1.4) | .008 |
| NHB | 59.2 (4.0) | 67.2 (2.8) | 66.2 (3.7) | 66.9 (2.4) | 64.2 (2.2) | 62.0 (2.7) | 66.6 (2.0) | .55 |
| MA | 79.4 (2.4) | 80.2 (3.9) | 82.5 (2.9) | 79.8 (2.0) | 79.5 (3.8) | 81.1 (2.2) | 88.8 (2.7) | .07 |
| 7.5% to <20% | ||||||||
| Total | ||||||||
| Total | 23.9 (1.7) | 22.8 (0.7) | 23.6 (0.8) | 23.4 (1.4) | 22.3 (1.0) | 23.4 (0.5) | 26.8 (1.2) | .20 |
| NHW | 23.7 (2.2) | 22.4 (1.0) | 23.7 (1.0) | 22.8 (1.7) | 21.3 (1.4) | 23.6 (0.7) | 26.3 (1.5) | .37 |
| NHB | 29.6 (2.1) | 27.6 (1.8) | 28.3 (2.1) | 29.8 (2.1) | 28.8 (2.2) | 31.6 (1.6) | 36.1 (1.4) | .004 |
| MA | 21.6 (1.7) | 18.3 (2.7) | 15.8 (1.4) | 18.8 (1.9) | 20.7 (1.7) | 18.6 (1.9) | 19.7 (4.2) | >.99 |
| Men | ||||||||
| Total | 30.7 (2.1) | 28.0 (1.3) | 31.6 (1.6) | 30.3 (2.5) | 29.4 (1.4) | 32.8 (0.8) | 36.8 (2.7) | .02 |
| NHW | 30.3 (2.8) | 27.3 (1.7) | 31.0 (1.9) | 28.7 (3.1) | 27.2 (2.1) | 33.8 (1.1) | 36.0 (3.4) | .07 |
| NHB | 35.8 (2.1) | 37.2 (2.6) | 38.1 (2.0) | 41.0 (3.6) | 38.2 (4.5) | 40.9 (2.2) | 50.7 (2.4) | <.001 |
| MA | 29.8 (2.2) | 22.1 (3.4) | 21.0 (2.1) | 24.9 (2.6) | 27.5 (2.7) | 23.5 (2.1) | 30.2 (6.2) | .63 |
| Women | ||||||||
| Total | 18.0 (1.7) | 17.7 (1.3) | 16.2 (1.2) | 17.1 (1.5) | 16.0 (1.3) | 15.0 (0.8) | 17.7 (0.9) | .33 |
| NHW | 17.8 (2.0) | 17.5 (1.8) | 16.9 (1.2) | 17.5 (1.8) | 15.9 (1.9) | 14.3 (1.0) | 17.6 (1.2) | .34 |
| NHB | 24.6 (3.4) | 18.6 (3.1) | 20.1 (3.2) | 20.3 (1.7) | 21.6 (1.4) | 24.3 (1.9) | 24.5 (1.6) | .36 |
| MA | 14.0 (2.4) | 14.5 (2.9) | 10.0 (1.7) | 12.5 (1.6) | 14.2 (2.6) | 13.1 (2.2) | 7.9 (2.4) | .19 |
| ≥20% | ||||||||
| Total | ||||||||
| Total | 13.0 (1.1) | 11.1 (0.9) | 10.7 (0.5) | 10.2 (0.9) | 10.6 (0.6) | 10.1 (0.6) | 9.4 (0.9) | .008 |
| NHW | 13.2 (1.3) | 10.7 (1.0) | 10.2 (0.6) | 10.0 (1.0) | 10.7 (0.7) | 9.5 (0.6) | 9.1 (1.2) | .02 |
| NHB | 16.3 (2.0) | 15.1 (2.0) | 14.4 (1.8) | 14.5 (2.3) | 13.8 (1.2) | 14.3 (1.6) | 12.6 (1.5) | .17 |
| MA | 9.2 (1.3) | 8.3 (1.5) | 10.8 (2.2) | 8.8 (1.3) | 9.4 (1.9) | 10.8 (1.8) | 8.1 (1.4) | .96 |
| Men | ||||||||
| Total | 17.1 (1.5) | 13.9 (1.5) | 14.4 (0.9) | 12.4 (1.0) | 14.3 (1.0) | 12.3 (0.9) | 14.5 (1.5) | .13 |
| NHW | 17.5 (1.7) | 13.3 (1.5) | 13.9 (1.1) | 12.2 (1.2) | 15.2 (1.1) | 11.7 (1.0) | 14.9 (1.9) | .26 |
| NHB | 16.4 (3.5) | 16.1 (3.0) | 15.1 (2.5) | 16.6 (3.3) | 13.3 (1.6) | 15.1 (2.6) | 17.3 (2.6) | .95 |
| MA | 12.1 (1.9) | 11.4 (2.3) | 13.7 (3.1) | 9.9 (2.2) | 12.6 (3.1) | 15.4 (3.0) | 12.4 (3.1) | .57 |
| Women | ||||||||
| Total | 9.4 (0.9) | 8.3 (0.8) | 7.4 (1.0) | 8.2 (0.9) | 7.3 (0.7) | 8.1 (0.4) | 4.7 (0.5) | <.001 |
| NHW | 9.3 (1.3) | 8.2 (1.1) | 6.7 (1.0) | 8.0 (1.0) | 6.7 (0.9) | 7.5 (0.5) | 3.8 (0.7) | .001 |
| NHB | 16.2 (2.0) | 14.2 (2.4) | 13.7 (2.8) | 12.8 (2.0) | 14.2 (1.8) | 13.7 (1.7) | 8.9 (1.3) | .03 |
| MA | 6.6 (0.9) | 5.3 (1.7) | 7.5 (1.5) | 7.6 (1.0) | 6.4 (1.4) | 5.8 (1.4) | 3.3 (1.3) | .15 |
Abbreviations: ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MA, Mexican American; NHB, non-Hispanic black; NHW, non-Hispanic white; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol.
SI conversion factor: To convert cholesterol to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.0259.
a
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000 to 2011-2012.
b
Participants who responded affirmatively to the question “Have you ever been told by a doctor or health professional you have diabetes or sugar diabetes?” or had a concentration of hemoglobin A1c level of 6.5% or greater were defined as having diabetes.