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. 2015 Sep 8;2015(9):CD004265. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004265.pub3

3. Description of hand washing intervention in communities.

Trial Promotional activity Classificationa Message content Hand washing method Hand washing styleb Material provision Water availability
Haggerty 1988 COD Large group training Hygiene education

  1. Hand washing before meal preparation and eating

  2. Hand washing after defecation (wash both hand and buttocks for children)

  3. Proper disposal of children's faeces

  4. Disposal of animal faeces from yard

 Unclear Not specified Unclear Unknown
Han 1985 MMR Small group education (households)

  1. Hygiene education

  2. Provision of hand washing material

 Hand washing:

  1. After defecation

  2. Before preparing or eating food

 Water with bar soap Not specified Plain bar soap provided by researcher Unknown
Hartinger 2010 PER

  1. Hygiene education

  2. Provision of an Integrated home‐based intervention package (IHIP)

  1. Hygiene education

  2. Home hygiene intervention package including OPTIMA‐improved stove, kitchen sink, hand washing and solar drinking water disinfection (SODIS) household water treatment

 Hand washing:

  1. After stool contact/ defecation

  2. Before food preparation/ handling

  3. Before eating and feeding infants and small children

  4. After changing diapers

  5. Correct use of improved stoves including clearing and removing ashes and wood residues that could obstruct ventilation.

  6. Correct application of the solar drinking water disinfection (SODIS) method

  7. Elimination of animal excreta and isolation of animals from the kitchen environment

 Water with soap Not specified IHIP provided by researchers Unknown
Langford 2007 NPL

  1. Larger meetings

  2. Small group meetings: focus group discussion of 6 to 8 women

  3. Posters

  4. Dramas

  1. Behavior modification

  2. Hygiene education

 Hand washing:

  1. After stool contact/defecation including wiping bottoms of babies

  2. After refuse disposal

  3. Before food preparation/ handling

  4. Before eating

 Water with soap not specified Soap provided by researcher (community motivators distributed a new bar of soap to each mother at these meetings) Adequate (water for hygienic purposes, however was always available from these tubes and deep wells)
Luby 2003a PAK

  1. Large group training using slide shows, pamphlets, and video tapes; education at weekly field visits

  2. Education at weekly field visits

 Hygiene education Hand washing:

  1. Before preparing food

  2. Before eating food

 Water with plain or antibacterial soap Water from a pitcher (though not clearly stated) Soap provided by researchers Unknown
Luby 2003b PAK

  1. Large group training using slide shows, pamphlets, and video tapes

  2. Education at twice‐weekly visits

  1. Hygiene education

  2. Provision of hand washing material

 Hand washing:

  1. After stool contact/ defecation

  2. Before food preparation/handling/eating

  3. Before feeding infants

 Water with antibacterial soap Not specified Soap provided by researchers Unknown
Luby 2006 PAK Follow‐up trial of Luby 2003b PAK No intervention was conducted Follow‐up trial of Luby 2003b PAK above No intervention No intervention No intervention Follow‐up trial
Nicholson 2008 IND

  1. Large group training

  2. Establishment of a 'Good Mums' Club

  3. Environmental cues (wall hangers, danglers, etc)

  4. Reward system from mothers to children (stickers, toy animals, coins, etc)

  1. Hygiene education

  2. Behaviour modification ("Intervention designed according to behaviour change principles of (Claessen 2008)

  1. Hand washing after stool contact/defecation

  2. Hand washing before eating

  3. Hand washing during bathing

 Water with soap Not specified Soap provided by researchers Unknown
Stanton 1985 BGD

  1. Small group discussion (only women or children)

  2. Larger demonstrations (mixed audience)

  3. Posters, games, pictorial stories, and 'flexiflans' for illustrations

 Hygiene education

  1. Hand washing before food preparation

  2. Defecation away from the house and in a proper site

  3. Suitable disposal of waste and faeces

 Unclear Not specified Unclear Inadequate

aMessage classification.
 bWhether done under running water; in a bowl by an individual or by several people.