Table 1.
Characteristics of 3,215 Women’s Health Initiative participants with heart failure hospitalization by mortality status*
| Died during follow-up (n = 1,385) |
Survived follow-up (n = 1,830) |
P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at heart failure hospitalization (y) | 73.8 (6.7) | 71.9 (7.1) | <0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity (%) | 0.06 | ||
| American Indian/Alaskan Native | 0.8 | 0.3 | |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 1.4 | 0.7 | |
| Black | 10.0 | 10.8 | |
| Hispanic | 1.3 | 2.1 | |
| White not of Hispanic origin | 85.6 | 85.2 | |
| Not one of above | 0.9 | 1.0 | |
| Education (%) | 0.27 | ||
| Less than high school | 9.0 | 7.5 | |
| High school graduate/some college | 62.0 | 61.0 | |
| College graduate | 8.2 | 8.3 | |
| Graduate school | 20.9 | 23.3 | |
| Income (%) | <0.001 | ||
| <$20,000 | 36.0 | 28.3 | |
| $20,000–34,999 | 29.2 | 31.5 | |
| $35,000–49,999 | 17.6 | 17.7 | |
| ≥$50,000 | 17.2 | 22.5 | |
| Married (%) | 47.7 | 54.5 | <0.001 |
| Current cigarette smoking (%) | 11.0 | 7.3 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 30.0 (7.4) | 30.9 (7.4) | <0.001 |
| Physical activity (MET-hr/wk) | 8.1 (11.0) | 9.4 (11.4) | 0.002 |
| Rand-36 Physical function score | 54.3 (27.0) | 63.4 (25.8) | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 135 (21) | 134 (19) | 0.07 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 71 (11) | 73 (11) | <0.001 |
| History of high cholesterol (%) | 24.2 | 21.3 | 0.05 |
| History of hypertension (%) | 59.7 | 57.5 | 0.20 |
| History of diabetes (%) | 31.8 | 24.9 | <0.001 |
| History of myocardial infarction (%) | 21.6 | 14.6 | <0.001 |
| History of revascularization (%) | 18.6 | 16.1 | 0.06 |
| History of atrial fibrillation (%) | 16.6 | 12.5 | <0.001 |
| Off-study postmenopausal hormone use (%) | 22.0 | 29.1 | <0.001 |
| Use of diuretics (%) | 46.5 | 38.3 | <0.001 |
| Use of β-blockers (%) | 22.8 | 23.8 | 0.50 |
| Use of ACE inhibitor or ARB (%) | 33.7 | 30.8 | 0.08 |
| WHI hormone arm (%) | 0.88 | ||
| Estrogen alone intervention | 5.1 | 5.1 | |
| Estrogen alone control | 4.8 | 5.5 | |
| Estrogen plus progestin intervention | 4.3 | 4.8 | |
| Estrogen plus progestin control | 4.6 | 4.8 | |
| WHI diet modification arm (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Diet modification intervention | 10.6 | 12.7 | |
| Diet modification control | 15.2 | 19.3 | |
| WHI calcium/vitamin D arm (%) | 0.001 | ||
| Calcium/vitamin D intervention | 8.6 | 11.7 | |
| Calcium/vitamin D control | 9.1 | 11.3 |
*
Numbers are mean (standard deviation) or percent