Fig 2. Phylogeny of leiobunines of eastern North America and examples of genitalic diversity.

(a) Maximum clade credibility tree of 28 species used in phylogenetic comparative analyses, with parsimonious distribution of character-state combinations of penile nuptial gift sacs and female pregenital barrier mapped on branches. Scale = substitutions per site. (b) Examples of penes (dorsal view) and female genital operculum (internal dorsal view), with sclerotized pregenital barrier shaded. All drawings to same scale. Genus abbreviations: E, Eumesosoma; H, Hadrobunus; L, Leiobunum; Le, Leuronychus; T, Togwoteeus. Numbers after species names are used as data-point labels in Fig 3.