Fig 4. Two-stage fermentation in 5-L fermentor.

Phytosterol/CDs inclusion complex was added at 24 h. (A) Fructose was used as the initial carbon source with glucose fed at 48 h. (B) Fructose was used as the initial carbon source with fructose fed at 48 h. (C) Glucose was used as the initial carbon source with glucose fed at 96 h. (D) Glucose was used as the initial carbon source with fructose fed at 96 h. N, the number of CFU (colony forming units) per one milliliter of culture fluid. All assays were performed in triplicate, standard deviations of the biological replicates were represented by error bars.