Table 1.

Cervicovaginal cytokine levels (pg/ml) before and during incident Chlamydia trachomatis infection, and their association with vaginal WBC counts (N=62 women, 124 visits)

	At Chlamydia negative visit (baseline, before infection)	At Chlamydia positive visit (during infection)		At Chlamydia negative visit (baseline, before infection)			At Chlamydia positive visit (during infection)
	Cytokine level, median (IQR)	Cytokine level, median (IQR)	p-value	Cytokine level among women with vaginal WBC ≥5/hpf (n=18), median (IQR)	Median cytokine level among women with vaginal WBC <5/hpf (n=42), median (IQR)	p-value	Cytokine level among women with vaginal WBC ≥5/hpf (n=25), median (IQR)	Cytokine level among women with vaginal WBC <5/hpf (n=37), median (IQR)	p-value
IL-6	30.3 (8.9, 110.6)	30.3 (10.8, 65.6)	0.78	22.2 (11.6, 75.1)	31.0 (8.4, 110.6)	0.80	48.4 (20.5, 78.3)	25.9 (10.3, 60.3)	0.12
IL-8a	1951.3 (770.5, 3302.0)	1832.6 (930.5, 2869.3)	0.69	2342.4 (1552.8, 3552.1)	1855.5 (634.8, 3206.7)	0.22	2411.4 (1667.8, 3302.1)	1673.2 (824.1, 2370.9)	0.05
IL-1α	345.3 (150.5, 1077.0)	316.1 (164.8, 867.4)	0.76	446.2 (145.8, 856.8)	335.2 (150.5, 1077.0)	0.90	657.8 (311.6, 1057.9)	240.7 (115.1, 640.0)	0.05
IL-1β	29.0 (5.7, 166.4)	43.3 (11.8, 392.8)	0.17	28.8 (8.8, 108.8)	28.1 (3.7, 219.4)	0.70	251.9 (67.1, 634.2)	13.6 (6.3, 111.3)	<0.01
MIP-1α	14.1 (7.6, 53.8)	19.6 (10.5, 60.3)	0.19	28.2 (17.5, 57.0)	9.8 (6.3, 53.8)	0.04	22.5 (15.1, 68.1)	17.3 (10.2, 53.2)	0.19
RANTES	2.8 (2.3, 5.8)	5.1 (3.3, 19.8)	<0.01	3.3 (2.6, 4.9)	2.7 (2.1, 5.4)	0.28	6.5 (4.2, 10.8)	4.6 (2.6, 21.3)	0.25
IFNγ	0.8 (0.8, 1.4)	1.1 (0.8, 5.2)	0.10	0.9 (0.8, 1.2)	0.8 (0.8, 1.4)	0.78	5.5 (2.3, 12.6)	0.8 (0.8, 2.4)	<0.01

Statistical analyses consisted of Wilcoxon rank-sum tests.

IQR, interquartile range

WBC, white blood cells

hpf, high-power field of 400× magnification

^aFor IL-8, 1 woman was excluded due to assay failure and inadequate remaining sample.