Table 1.
Baseline characteristics according to metabolic status after 10 years
| Total (n=85) | MHO at follow-up (n=30) | MUO at follow-up (n=55) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 49.8 (12.0) | 48.9 (11.0) | 50.2 (12.6) | 0.63 |
| Female sex (%) | 29 (34.1) | 7 (23.3) | 22 (40.0) | 0.12 |
| Menopause in women (%) | 16 (55.2) | 4 (57.1) | 12 (54.5) | 1.00 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.0 (1.8) | 26.6 (1.7) | 27.2 (1.8) | 0.12 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 88.9 (6.4) | 87.8 (5.0) | 89.5 (7.0) | 0.20 |
| Alcohol consumption (%) | 5 (5.9) | 3 (10.0) | 2 (3.6) | 0.34 |
| Current smoking (%) | 10 (11.8) | 1 (3.3) | 9 (16.4) | 0.09 |
| Regular physical activity (%) | 23 (27.1) | 11 (36.7) | 12 (21.8) | 0.12 |
| Daily energy intake (kcal/day) | 1901.2 (627.5) | 1976.4 (733.4) | 1860.1 (564.6) | 0.42 |
| Calories from carbohydrate (%) | 47.3 (7.4) | 46.7 (7.1) | 47.6 (7.6) | 0.58 |
| Calories from fat (%) | 32.4 (5.5) | 31.8 (6.2) | 32.7 (5.1) | 0.44 |
| Calories from protein (%) | 18.5 (3.7) | 18.9 (3.2) | 18.3 (4.0) | 0.50 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 125.5 (12.7) | 124.5 (13.6) | 126.1 (12.3) | 0.59 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 75.4 (7.5) | 76.0 (8.8) | 75.1 (6.8) | 0.59 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 5.33 (0.96) | 5.22 (0.82) | 5.39 (1.02) | 0.44 |
| 2 hour plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 7.66 (2.83) | 7.18 (2.61) | 7.92 (2.94) | 0.25 |
| Fasting plasma insulin (pmol/L) | 83.3 (69.5 – 125.0) | 79.9 (61.1 – 92.4) | 97.2 (76.4 – 142.4) | 0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.92 (2.25 – 4.35) | 2.45 (1.86 – 3.11) | 3.36 (2.52 – 4.86) | 0.002 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.79 (1.04) | 5.74 (1.02) | 5.82 (1.06) | 0.73 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.42 (0.30) | 1.56 (0.31) | 1.34 (0.26) | 0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.30 (0.99 – 1.48) | 1.16 (0.72 – 1.45) | 1.38 (1.12 – 1.63) | 0.014 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.78 (0.93) | 3.69 (0.90) | 3.83 (0.95) | 0.50 |
| Subcutaneous abdominal fat (cm2) | 185.9 (136.1 – 243.0) | 157.9 (128.3 – 206.4) | 210.1 (143.5 – 263.2) | 0.012 |
| Visceral abdominal fat (cm2) | 89.5 (68.8 – 121.9) | 76.3 (45.6 – 98.8) | 101.1 (78.3 – 138.5) | 0.005 |
| Visceral to subcutaneous abdominal fat ratio | 0.46 (0.32 – 0.64) | 0.45 (0.30 – 0.66) | 0.49 (0.33 – 0.63) | 0.49 |
| Subcutaneous thigh fat (cm2) | 62.6 (43.0 – 91.9) | 61.5 (43.8 – 90.3) | 64.6 (42.4 – 92.2) | 0.95 |
Data are expressed as mean (SD), median (inter-quartile range), or frequency (%). MHO, metabolically heathy obese; MUO, metabolically unhealthy obese