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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Adv Nurs. 2015 Jul 14;71(10):2279–2292. doi: 10.1111/jan.12718

Table 1.

Identified conceptual frameworks applicable to the study of isolation precautions, presented in chronological order of publication

Framework Name Source Description Constructs Included PubMed
Citations
Epidemiologic triad of
disease		 Clark 1954 Describes the three categories
of factors and their
interrelationships that
influence epidemics

  • Agent

  • Host

  • Environment*

 247**
Donabedian’s healthcare
quality framework		 Donabedian 1966 Identifies three factors by
which to assess the quality of
health care delivery and the
linear flow of influence
between them

  • Structure*

  • Process*

  • Outcome

 67
Conceptual model of an
infection surveillance and
control program (ISCP)		 Haley et al. 1981 Relates nosocomial infection
(a patient characteristic) to all
activities performed by an
ISCP for the purpose of
evaluating those activities’
impact on the patient
characteristics

  • Approval by hospital authorities

  • Sources of program direction

  • Overall structure and function

  • Direct action*

  • Training

  • Influence of ISCP staff

  • Potential obstacles

  • Patient care staff’s characteristics*

  • Patient characteristics*

 1
Quality health outcomes
framework		 Mitchell et al. 1998 Building on Donabedian,
introduces dynamic
interrelationships between
concepts and an indirect path
between intervention and
outcomes influenced by the
system and client(s)

  • System

  • Client

  • Intervention*

  • Outcome

 21***
Predisposing, reinforcing
and enabling factors in
education and health
diagnosis and evaluation
model (PRECEDE)		 Mody et al. 2011 Describes the process to
implement interventions in
high risk groups by health care
workers, model proposed
specifically in relation to
prevention of HAI

  • Predisposing aspects

  • Enabling factors

  • Reinforcing factors

  • Evaluate outcomes

 3
HAI prevention system
framework		 Kahn et al. 2014 Specifies system-based
components for HAI
prevention and mitigation

  • Infrastructure development*

  • HAI data and monitoring

  • Knowledge development*

  • Adoption of HAI prevention practices*

 0
*

Represents concept(s) in which isolation precautions are incorporated

**

Includes papers containing Agent-Host-Environment as in Clark (1954), though not cited and/or titled differently

***

Incorporates Mitchell and Lang (2004) and cited articles

HAI = Healthcare associated infections; ISCP = Infection surveillance and control program.