Table III.
Candidate addiction-related CAMs. Genes listed both a) encode “likely” bona fide human cell adhesion molecules and b) are identified by at least 3 independent case vs control GWAS studies of addiction-related phenotypes by clusters of SNPs with 10−2 > p >10−8. Genes are arranged by the number of addiction-related case-control sample pairs in which they are identified, then alphabetical order.
| gene | type | #samp | structure | ec motifs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDH13 | iCAM | 13 | GPI | Cdh |
| CSMD1 | iCAM | 12 | 1TM | Cub/sushi |
| PTPRD | iCAM | 12 | 1TM | Ig/Fn |
| CLSTN2 | iCAM | 10 | 1TM | Cdh/laminin |
| DAB1 | iCAM | 10 | cyt/sec | pTyr-bind dom |
| CNTNAP2 | iCAM | 8 | 1TM | EGF/laminin |
| CTNNA2 | iCAM | 8 | cyt | Vinculin |
| PTPRM | iCAM | 8 | 1TM | Ig/Fn/MAM |
| ASTN1 | iCAM | 7 | 1TM | Mem-attack comp/Fn/EGF |
| CNTNAP5 | iCAM | 7 | 1TM | EGF/laminin |
| CTNNA3 | aj | 7 | cyt | Vinculin |
| DSCAM | iCAM | 7 | 1TM | Ig/Fn |
| NRG1 | iCAM | 7 | 1TM | Ig/EGF |
| OPCML | iCAM | 7 | GPI | Ig |
| CHL1 | iCAM | 6 | 1TM | Ig/Fn |
| CNTN4 | iCAM | 6 | GPI | Ig/Fn |
| CNTN5 | iCAM | 6 | GPI | Ig/Fn |
| CTNND2 | iCAM | 6 | cyt | Arm/β-catenin-l |
| EPHB1 | iCAM | 6 | 1TM | SAM/Fn/TNFR |
| LAMA1 | m | 6 | EC | Lam |
| NLGN1 | iCAM | 6 | 1TM | Esterase |
| NRXN3 | iCAM | 6 | 1TM | EGF/laminin |
| PTPRT | iCAM | 6 | 1TM | Ig/Fn/MAM |
| USH2A | m | 6 | EC | EGF/lam/Fn |
| CDH11 | iCAM | 5 | 1TM | Cdh |
| CSMD2 | iCAM | 5 | 1TM | Cub/sushi |
| ITGA9 | m | 5 | TM-assoc | Int |
| ITGB8 | m | 5 | 1TM | Int |
| LAMA2 | m | 5 | EC | EGF/lam |
| MDGA2 | ag | 5 | GPI | Ig/MAM |
| PLXNC1 | ag | 5 | 1TM | Sema/plexin |
| TEK | m | 5 | 1TM | Ig/Fn/EGF |
| ASTN2 | iCAM | 4 | 1TM | Mem-attack comp/Fn/EGF |
| CDH2 | iCAM | 4 | 1TM | Cdh |
| CDH4 | iCAM | 4 | 1TM | Cdh |
| CDH6 | iCAM | 4 | 1TM | Cdh |
| CDH7 | iCAM | 4 | 1TM | Cdh |
| DSCAML1 | iCAM | 4 | 1TM | Ig/Fn |
| FAT3 | iCAM | 4 | 1TM | Cdh/EGF/lam |
| FLRT2 | iCAM | 4 | 1TM | LRR/Fn |
| FREM1 | m | 4 | EC | C lectin/Calxbeta/CSPG |
| FREM2 | m | 4 | 1TM | C lectin/Calxbeta/CSPG |
| ITGA1 | m | 4 | TM-assoc | Int |
| LPP | fa | 4 | cyt/nuc | LIM/GKAP |
| LRRN2 | iCAM | 4 | 1TM | LRR/Ig |
| NCAM1 | iCAM | 4 | 1TM | Ig/Fn |
| PCDH15 | iCAM | 4 | 1TM | Cdh |
| PCDH9 | iCAM | 4 | 1TM | Cdh |
| PTPRB | iCAM | 4 | 1TM | Fn |
| PTPRG | iCAM | 4 | 1TM | Fn |
| PTPRK | iCAM | 4 | 1TM | Ig/Fn/MAM |
| RELN | m | 4 | EC | Rln/EGF |
| ROBO2 | ag | 4 | 1TM | Ig/Fn |
| SELE | c | 4 | 1TM | CCP/Clect/EGF |
| SELL | c | 4 | 1TM | CCP/Clect/EGF |
| SEMA5A | ag | 4 | 1TM | Thrombosp/Plxn/Sema |
| TNR | m | 4 | EC | Fn/FReD/EGF |
| AJAP1 | tj | 3 | 1TM | AJAP1/PANP C-term |
| ANTXR1 | m | 3 | 1TM | Anth_Ig/vWA_ATR |
| CDH12 | iCAM | 3 | 1TM | Cdh |
| CDH18 | iCAM | 3 | 1TM | Cdh |
| CDHR3 | iCAM | 3 | 1TM | Cdh |
| CELSR1 | iCAM | 3 | 7TM | Cdh/EGF/lam |
| DCC | iCAM | 3 | 1TM | Ig/Fn |
| DSC3 | fa | 3 | 1TM | Cdh |
| DSG4 | fa | 3 | 1TM | Cdh |
| DSP | tj | 3 | cyt | PLEC/SPEC/ApoLp-III_like |
| EFNA5 | iCAM | 3 | GPI | Ephrin-A |
| FREM3 | m | 3 | EC | Calxbeta/CSPG |
| GPR116 | iCAM | 3 | 7TM | Ig/SEA/lathrophilin |
| ITGA6 | m | 3 | TM-assoc | Int |
| ITGBL1 | m | 3 | 1TM | Int |
| LAMC2 | m | 3 | EC | Lam/EGF |
| LAMC3 | m | 3 | EC | Lam/EGF |
| LRFN5 | iCAM | 3 | 1TM | LRR/Fn/Ig |
| LSAMP | iCAM | 3 | GPI | Ig |
| MEGF11 | iCAM | 3 | 1TM | EGF |
| NFASC | iCAM | 3 | 1TM | Ig/Fn |
| NINJ2 | iCAM | 3 | 1TM | Ninj |
| NRP1 | iCAM | 3 | 1TM | MAM/Cub/FA58C |
| SDK1 | iCAM | 3 | 1TM | Ig/Fn |
| SELP | c | 3 | 1TM | CCP/Clect/EGF |
Columns: Gene symbol, CAM type, number of samples out of 15 total that identify this gene, structural elements of protein, protein motifs. CAM types: iCAM: information predominant CAM, m: primarily involved in interactions with cell matrix, ag: primary roles in axonal guidance, aj: primary role in adherens junctions, c: primary roles in cell/cell interactions, principally in immune system, fa: primary involvement in focal adhesions, tj: primary involvement in tight junctions. Structural elements: GPI: glycosylphosphatidyl inositol modified, cyt: cytoplasmic; sec: secreted; EC: extracellular. Motifs: Cdh: cadherin; Ig: immunoglobulin; Fn: fibronectin; lam: laminin; EGF epidermal growth factor; pTyr bind dom: phosphor tyrosine binding domain; MAM: ; Mem-attack comp: membrane attack complex; Armad b-catenin-l: Armadillo and beta catenin like; SAM: sterile alpha motif; TNFR: tumor necrosis factor receptor; Int: integrin; sema: semaphorin domain; LRR: leucine-rich repeat; C lectin: C-type lectin; Calxbeta: Calx beta domain; CSPG: chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan; LIM: LIM interacting protein; GKAP: guanylate-kinase-associated protein;CCP: complement control protein; Thrombosp: thrombospondin; FReD: Fibrinogen-related domains. Samples for addiction- or quit success-related GWAS are described in (21,33,35–39,41,42,44,80,81); more details of analyses are available on request.