Table 2.
Associations between ≥2 GP face-to-face contacts (including in-office consultations and home visits) and home visits in the last 90 days of life and patient-related socioeconomic and cultural characteristics for those 584 patients, who had a full dataset. The unadjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) and the adjusted PRs for the full model are shown with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). The full model includes all variables in the table adjusted for gender, age (continuous variable), primary cancer diagnosis, number of days at hospital (continuous variable), place of death, and involvement of palliative specialist team.
| GP face-to-face contacts | Home visits by the GP | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (≤1 contact/≥2 contacts) | (No/yes) | |||||||
| Unadjusted prevalence ratio (95% CI) |
p value | Adjusted prevalence ratio (95% CI) |
p value | Unadjusted prevalence ratio (95% CI) |
p value | Adjusted prevalence ratio (95% CI) |
p value | |
| Variables in final model | ||||||||
| Patient's marital status | ||||||||
| Single | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Married or cohabiting | 0.99 (0.92; 1.07) | 0.837 | 1.05 (0.97; 1.14) | 0.189 | 0.90 (0.83; 0.98) | 0.018 | 0.97 (0.90; 1.06) | 0.525 |
| Having children living at home | ||||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 0.73 (0.55; 0.96) | 0.024 | 0.83 (0.63; 1.09) | 0.177 | 0.69 (0.50; 0.94) | 0.019 | 1.08 (0.78; 1.48) | 0.651 |
| Patient's economic status | ||||||||
| High income (>20000 £/year) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Medium income (10001–20000 £/year) | 1.12 (1.03; 1.23) | 0.009 | 1.04 (0.96; 1.14) | 0.329 | 1.23 (1.11; 1.36) | 0.000 | 1.09 (0.99; 1.19) | 0.071 |
| Low income (0–10000 £/year) | 1.24 (1.11; 1.39) | 0.000 | 1.18 (1.03; 1.35) | 0.017 | 1.17 (0.97; 1.41) | 0.106 | 1.18 (0.98; 1.42) | 0.074 |
| Employment | ||||||||
| Unemployed, social security, student |
1 | 1 | ||||||
| Old age or early retirement pensioner |
1.06 (0.95; 1.19) | 0.283 |
Not included because of collinearity with income |
1.30 (1.11; 1.52) | 0.001 |
Not included because of collinearity with income |
||
| Employed or leadership position | 0.83 (0.70; 0.99) | 0.038 | 0.78 (0.61; 0.99) | 0.042 | ||||
| Ethnicity | ||||||||
| Not immigrant or descendant | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Immigrant or descendant | 1.10 (0.96; 1.28) | 0.175 | 1.17 (1.02; 1.35) | 0.025 | 0.72 (0.50; 1.05) | 0.090 | 0.78 (0.55; 1.12) | 0.183 |
| Urbanicity, inhabitants in municipality | ||||||||
| 10,000 inhabitants | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 10,000–49,999 inhabitants | 0.97 (0.88; 1.06) | 0.522 | 0.97 (0.89; 1.07) | 0.576 | 0.97 (0.87; 1.09) | 0.633 | 1.00 (0.90; 1.12) | 0.939 |
| 50,000–99,999 inhabitants | 0.94 (0.84; 1.04) | 0.215 | 0.92 (0.83; 1.01) | 0.095 | 0.91 (0.80; 1.04) | 0.172 | 0.90 (0.80; 1.02) | 0.115 |
| ≥100,000 inhabitants | 0.84 (0.76; 0.93) | 0.001 | 0.85 (0.77; 0.95) | 0.003 | 0.86 (0.77; 0.96) | 0.008 | 0.89 (0.80; 0.99) | 0.037 |
|
| ||||||||
| The final model was adjusted for the following variables | ||||||||
| Gender of patient | ||||||||
| Male | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Female | 1.00 (0.92; 1.07) | 0.917 | 0.98 (0.90; 1.07) | 0.635 | 1.02 (0.93; 1.11) | 0.719 | 0.96 (0.87; 1.06) | 0.461 |
| Age of patient (continuous variable) | 1.01 (1.00; 1.01) | 0.000 | 1.00 (1.00; 1.01) | 0.020 | 1.01 (1.01; 1.02) | 0.000 | 1.01 (1.01; 1.02) | 0.000 |
| Primary cancer diagnosis | ||||||||
| Bronchus/lung | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Colon/rectum | 0.91 (0.81; 1.02) | 0.117 | 0.91 (0.82; 1.02) | 0.124 | 0.87 (0.75; 1.00) | 0.056 | 0.83 (0.73; 0.95) | 0.008 |
| Prostate | 0.90 (0.79; 1.02) | 0.086 | 0.85 (0.74; 0.96) | 0.010 | 1.05 (0.94; 1.17) | 0.385 | 0.94 (0.84; 1.05) | 0.276 |
| Breast | 0.89 (0.77; 1.02) | 0.088 | 0.91 (0.79; 1.04) | 0.158 | 0.83 (0.69; 0.98) | 0.032 | 0.86 (0.71; 1.03) | 0.109 |
| Other | 0.88 (0.81; 0.97) | 0.006 | 0.90 (0.81; 0.99) | 0.031 | 0.87 (0.78; 0.96) | 0.009 | 0.88 (0.79; 0.97) | 0.010 |
| Days spent at hospital in the last 90 days of the patient's life (continuous variable) | 0.99 (0.99; 1.00) | 0.000 | 0.99 (0.99; 1.00) | 0.011 | 0.99 (0.99; 1.00) | 0.000 | 1.00 (0.99; 1.00) | 0.199 |
| Place of death | ||||||||
| Institutional death (Hospital/hospice) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Home/nursing home death | 1.28 (1.17; 1.39) | 0.000 | 1.19 (1.09; 1.29) | 0.000 | 1.47 (1.33; 2.63) | 0.000 | 1.33 (1.21; 1.47) | 0.000 |
| Involvement of a specialist team | ||||||||
| Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| No | 1.05 (0.98; 1.13) | 0.189 | 1.06 (0.99; 1.14) | 0.105 | 1.04 (0.95; 1.13) | 0.384 | 1.10 (1.01; 1.20) | 0.029 |
GP: general practitioner.
£: English Pounds.
Note: significant correlations with a p value < 0.05 are in bold text.