Table 1.
Scores for the working memory (WM) and short-term memory (STM) measures.
| TD group (n = 17) |
AS |
EH |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Task | Mean | (SD) | Pre | ZCC (95% CI) | Post | ZCC (95% CI) | Pre | ZCC (95% CI) | Post | ZCC (95% CI) | |
| Verbal measures | Word span (STM) | 5.18 | 1.38 | 0 | –3.75 (–5.12 to –2.37) | 4∗ | –0.85 (–1.40 to –0.29) | 4 | –0.85 (–1.40 to –0.29) | 4 | –0.85 (–1.40 to –0.29) |
| Word span backward | 3.00 | 0.87 | 0 | –3.45 (–4.71 to –2.17) | 0 | –3.45 (–4.71 to –2.17) | 3 | 0.00 (–0.47 to 0.47) | 4 | 1.14 (0.52 to 1.76) | |
| Selective word recall | 5.12 | 1.36 | 3 | –1.56 (–2.26 to –0.83) | 6 | 0.64 (0.11 to 1.16) | 8 | 2.12 (1.24 to 2.98) | 6 | 0.65 (0.11 to 1.16) | |
| Verbal dual task | 4.71 | 2.42 | 0 | –1.95 (–2.76 to –1.12) | 2∗ | 1.12 (–1.72 to –0.50) | 7 | 0.95 (0.36 to 1.51) | 5 | 0.12 (–0.36 to 0.59) | |
| Cumulative verbal WM | 12.82 | 3.34 | 3 | –2.94 (–4.05 to –1.82) | 8∗ | –1.44 (–2.12 to –0.75) | 18 | 1.55 (0.83 to 2.25) | 15 | 0.65 (0.12 to 1.17) | |
| Visuo-spatial measures | Pathway recall (STM) | 5.76 | 1.30 | 3 | –2.12 (–2.98 to –1.24) | 5∗ | –0.58 (–1.09 to –0.06) | 8 | 1.72 (0.95 to 2.47) | 7 | 0.95 (0.37 to 1.52) |
| Pathway recall backward | 5.47 | 1.23 | 4 | –1.19 (–1.81 to –0.56) | 4 | –1.19 (–1.81 to –0.56) | 5 | –0.38 (–0.87 to 0.12) | 7 | 1.24 (0.59 to 1.87) | |
| Selective pathways | 5.06 | 1.75 | 3 | –1.18 (–1.79 to –0.54) | 6 | 0.54 (0.02 to 1.04) | 1 | –2.32 (–3.24 to –1.38) | 8∗ | 1.68 (0.92 to 2.42) | |
| Visuo-spatial dual task | 5.47 | 1.70 | 0 | –3.22 (–4.41 to –2.01) | 4∗ | –0.86 (–1.42 to –0.29) | 3 | –1.45 (–2.13 to –0.75) | 7 | 0.90 (0.32 to 1.46) | |
| Cumulative visuo-spatial WM | 16.00 | 3.28 | 7 | –2.74 (–3.79 to –1.68) | 14∗ | –0.61 (–1.12 to –0.08) | 9 | –2.13 (–3.00 to –1.25) | 22∗ | 1.83 (1.03 to 2.61) | |
∗Improvement from a significantly impaired performance in the pre-test to a score that didn’t differ significantly from the performance of TD group. ZCC = effect size index for the difference between the case and controls.