Table 3.
Potential risk factors for a painful joint and persistent pain
| Painful joint (n = 49; 37%) |
Persistent pain (n = 18; 14%) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | n (%) | OR (95% CI) | Adjusted c OR (95% CI) | n (%) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Previously diagnosed diabetes | |||||||
| No a | 115 | 41 (36) | 1 | 1 | 13 (11) | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 19 | 8 (44) | 1.4 (0.5–3.9) | 2.2 (0.7–6.3) | 5 (28) | 3.0 (0.9–9.7) | 8.5 (1.9–38) |
| Glucose metabolism abnormalities | |||||||
| No | 68 | 24 (35) | 1 | 1 | 8 (12) | 1 | 1 |
| IFG/IGT | 32 | 12 (38) | 1.1 (0.5–2.6) | 1.2 (0.5–3.1) | 4 (13) | 1.1 (0.3–4.0) | 1.1 (0.3–4.5) |
| Diabetes** | 34 | 13 (39) | 1.2 (0.5–2.8) | 1.7 (0.7–4.5) | 6 (18) | 1.7 (0.5–5.3) | 3.2 (0.9–12) |
| Metabolic syndrome | |||||||
| No | 49 | 15 (31) | 1 | 1 | 8 (16) | 1 | 1 |
| Yes, but without diabetes | 54 | 21 (39) | 1.4 (0.6–3.3) | 1.5 (0.6–3.5) | 4 (8) | 0.4 (0.1–1.5) | 0.3 (0.07–1.2) |
| Yes and with diabetes b | 31 | 13 (43) | 1.7 (0.7–4.5) | 2.6 (0.9–7.3) | 6 (20) | 1.3 (0.4–4.1) | 2.3 (0.6–8.9) |
| BMI | |||||||
| < 30 | 71 | 18 (25) | 1 | 1 | 8 (11) | 1 | 1 |
| 30–34.9 | 42 | 17 (42) | 2.1 (0.9–4.7) | 1.9 (0.8–4.3) | 6 (15) | 1.3 (0.4–4.1) | 1.0 (0.3–3.4) |
| ≥ 35 | 21 | 14 (67) | 5.9 (2.1–17) | 5.0 (1.7–15) | 4 (19) | 1.8 (0.5–6.8) | 1.1 (0.3–4.7) |
| BMI (per increase of 1 kg/m²) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | |||
For abbreviations, see Table 1.
a A patient without diabetes or with IFG, IGT, or diabetes mellitus diagnosed in this study.
b Includes both previously and newly diagnosed cases of diabetes.
c Adjusted for age, gender, and operated joint (hip or knee).