Table 2.

Group ranking of objective performance. Values are mean (SD) [95% CI]

Rank	Total time, s	Fluoroscopy time, s	No. of attempts	Tip-apex distance, mm	Probability of cutout, %	Overall score out of 39
1	Intermediates 429 (117) [356–501]	Intermediates 56 (27) [39–72]	Novices 2.6	Intermediates 7.8 (3.2) [5.9–9.8]	Intermediates 0.1 (0.2) [0–0.2]	Intermediates 33 (4.5) [30–35]
2	Experts 454 (173) [347–560]	Experts 73 (48) [43–103]	Experts 2.8	Experts 11 (4.9) [8.0–14]	Experts 0.4 (0.5) [0.1–0.7]	Experts 28 (6.0) [24–32]
3	Novices 575 (201) [451–700]	Novices 180 (118) [107–253]	Intermediates 3.9	Novices 22 (10) [16–28]	Novices 5.6 (11) [0–12]	Novices 20 (16) [−10 to 30]