. 2015 Sep 4;69(5):6905290020p1–6905290020p11. doi: 10.5014/ajot.2015.016287

Table 3.

Nonparametric Analyses of Variables at Baseline and Postintervention Assessment, Differences Within Groups and Between Groups, and Effect Sizes

Scale	Group	T0		T1		Change Within Group (p)^a	Change Between Groups (p)^b	Effect Size Between Groups at T1^c
Scale	Group	Median	IQR	Median	IQR	Change Within Group (p)^a	Change Between Groups (p)^b	Effect Size Between Groups at T1^c
Checklist Individual Strength
Total	exp	112	15.5	91	18.0	.00^*	.05	0.41
Total	cont	120	10.5	107	26.5	.59	.05	0.41
Reduction in Concentration	exp	27	6.8	23	5.0	.01^*	.06	0.38
Reduction in Concentration	cont	31	6.5	29	7.0	.05	.06	0.38
Reduction in Activity	exp	16.5	5.0	12	6.0	.00^*	.07	0.37
Reduction in Activity	cont	16	4.0	14	4.0	.10	.07	0.37
Reduction in Motivation	exp	17.5	7.8	14	8.0	.01^*	.08	0.36
Reduction in Motivation	cont	18	7.0	18	7.5	.72	.08	0.36
Experience of Subjective Fatigue	exp	51	6.5	43	11.0	.00^*	.32	NS
Experience of Subjective Fatigue	cont	54	10.0	48	12.5	.11	.32	NS
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Symptom List
Total score	exp	53.9	26.7	55.1	28.9	.21	.82	NS
Total score	cont	58.8	28.7	44	43.2	.32	.82	NS
Mood swings	exp	46.5	45.8	10	15.5	.02^*	.03	0.45
Mood swings	cont	63	50.0	57	59.0	.97	.03	0.45
Recurrent flulike symptoms	exp	48	59.0	26	62.0	.02^*	.17	NS
Recurrent flulike symptoms	cont	74	54.0	60	49.0	.27	.17	NS
Attention deficits	exp	68	31.5	40	51.0	.04^*	.26	NS
Attention deficits	cont	79	31.5	67.5	55.0	.07	.26	NS
Personality changes	exp	54.5	54.8	11	17.0	.04^*	.21	NS
Personality changes	cont	55	42.5	28	63.0	.35	.21	NS
Sleep disturbances	exp	65	61.8	47	60.0	.07	.97	NS
Sleep disturbances	cont	55	57.0	34	60.0	.45	.97	NS
Muscle weakness	exp	54.5	36	52	63.5	.07	.88	NS
Muscle weakness	cont	67	26.5	59	19	.13	.88	NS
Intolerance to bright light	exp	46	66	46	72	.09	.65	NS
Intolerance to bright light	cont	35	71.5	42	73	.48	.65	NS
Memory disturbances	exp	65	26.3	39	53	.09	.19	NS
Memory disturbances	cont	79	25.5	74	64	.07	.19	NS
Calculation difficulties	exp	50	50.5	39	58.5	.34	.17	NS
Calculation difficulties	cont	72	27	66.5	54.8	.07	.17	NS
Muscle pain	exp	62	38.3	62	54.5	.55	.20	NS
Muscle pain	cont	70	26	74	16	.88	.20	NS
Headaches	exp	21.5	76.5	31	53	.48	.78	NS
Headaches	cont	25.5	54.8	31.5	63	.66	.78	NS
Sore throat	exp	22.5	50.8	4	41	.24	.24	NS
Sore throat	cont	37	64.3	42	62.8	.95	.24	NS
Fatigue	exp	72	13	71	55.5	.64	.94	NS
Fatigue	cont	77	20.5	63	23.8	.12	.94	NS
Fatigue after physical activity	exp	75	33.3	70	25	.89	.21	NS
Fatigue after physical activity	cont	81	24	84.5	20	.75	.21	NS
Frequent use of the wrong word	exp	68.5	21.3	53	62	.50	.57	NS
Frequent use of the wrong word	cont	55	39	54	54	.33	.57	NS
Unrefreshing sleep	exp	73	43	52	63.5	.34	.27	NS
Unrefreshing sleep	cont	74	32	71	23	.93	.27	NS
Cold hands and feet	exp	56	38.8	66	32.5	.64	.88	NS
Cold hands and feet	cont	80	23.5	74	73	.28	.88	NS
Abdominal pain	exp	57.5	81.5	31	82	.41	.59	NS
Abdominal pain	cont	52	66.5	59	65	.42	.59	NS
Dyspnea on exertion	exp	72	55.8	53	73	.72	.29	0.06
Dyspnea on exertion	cont	76	34.5	77	53	.48	.29	0.06

Note. cont = control group (relaxation therapy); exp = experimental group (activity pacing self-management); IQR = interquartile range; M = mean; NS = not significant; SD = standard deviation; T0 = baseline assessment; T1 = postintervention assessment.

^{^a}

Based on Wilcoxon signed rank test. ^bBased on Mann–Whitney U test. ^cEffect size = z score divided by the square root of n.

p < .05.