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| Functional layer | Surface properties | Applications |
|---|---|---|
| None | Superhydrophilic/Superoleophilic | Anti-fogging |
| Silane | Superhydrophobic/Superoleophilic | Self-cleaning Anti-fouling Anti-icing Oil–water separation |
| Fluorosilane | Superhydrophobic/Superoleophobic | Self-cleaning Anti-fouling Anti-smudge Anti-icing |
| Fluorosurfactant | Superhydrophilic/Superoleophobic | Anti-fouling Anti-smudge Anti-fogging Oil–water separation |
