Table 3.
Description of the general medication use of survey participants following Fontan palliation
| Healthy Fontans¥ (N=290)
|
PLE
|
PB
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General medications taking daily | N (%) | Yes (N=76) | No (N=152) | p-value§ | Yes (N=46) | No (N=138) | p-value† |
|
|
|
|
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| Albuterol or Levalbuterol | 11 (3.8) | 11 (14.5) | 5 (3.3) | 0.002 | 15 (32.6) | 6 (4.3) | <.0001 |
|
|
|
|
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| Allergy medicine | 33 (11.4) | 15 (19.7) | 16 (10.5) | 0.06 | 11 (23.9) | 17 (12.3) | 0.06 |
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Amlodipine | 1 (0.3) | 1 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.33 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.7) | 1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Antibiotics (any daily antibiotic) | 8 (2.8) | 8 (10.5) | 3 (2.0) | 0.01 | 13 (28.3) | 5 (3.6) | <.0001 |
|
|
|
|
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| Aspirin | 230 (79.3) | 44 (57.9) | 118 (77.6) | 0.002 | 27 (58.7) | 112 (81) | 0.002 |
|
|
|
|
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| Atenolol | 12 (4.1) | 2 (2.6) | 8 (5.3) | 0.50 | 0 (0.0) | 4 (2.9) | 0.57 |
|
|
|
|
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| Bosentan | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A | 3 (6.5) | 1 (0.7) | 0.049 |
|
|
|
|
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| Budesonide oral | 0 (0.0) | 26 (34.2) | 0 (0.0) | <.0001 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
|
|
|
|
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| Bumetanide | 0 (0.0) | 3 (3.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0.04 | 1 (2.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0.25 |
|
|
|
|
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| Captopril | 14 (4.8) | 6 (7.9) | 9 (5.9) | 0.57 | 5 (10.9) | 5 (3.6) | 0.12 |
|
|
|
|
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| Carvedilol | 13 (4.5) | 3 (3.9) | 7 (4.6) | 1.00 | 6 (13.0) | 6 (4.3) | 0.08 |
|
|
|
|
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| Chlorothiazide | 1 (0.3) | 10 (13.2) | 1 (0.7) | <.0001 | 4 (8.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0.004 |
|
|
|
|
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| Digoxin | 37 (12.8) | 23 (30.3) | 24 (15.8) | 0.01 | 11 (23.9) | 13 (9.4) | 0.01 |
|
|
|
|
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| Diltiazem | 2 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.3) | 0.55 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
|
|
|
|
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| Enalapril | 115 (39.7) | 37 (48.7) | 55 (36.2) | 0.07 | 19 (41.3) | 60 (43.5) | 0.80 |
|
|
|
|
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| Furosemide | 42 (14.5) | 57 (75.0) | 26 (17.1) | <.0001 | 26 (56.5) | 16 (11.6) | <.0001 |
|
|
|
|
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| Heparin -Subcutaneous injection | 1 (0.3) | 1 (1.3) | 1 (0.7) | 1.00 | 2 (4.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.06 |
|
|
|
|
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| Inhaled steroid | 12 (4.1) | 8 (10.5) | 5 (3.3) | 0.03 | 15 (32.6) | 7 (5.1) | <.0001 |
|
|
|
|
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| Inhaled tPA | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.33 | 10 (21.7) | 0 (0.0) | <.0001 |
|
|
|
|
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| Lisinopril | 35 (12.1) | 13 (17.1) | 17 (11.2) | 0.21 | 4 (8.7) | 18 (13.0) | 0.43 |
|
|
|
|
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| Losartan | 3 (1.0) | 1 (1.3) | 1 (0.7) | 1.00 | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.4) | 1.00 |
|
|
|
|
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| Metoprolol | 2 (0.7) | 3 (3.9) | 2 (1.3) | 0.34 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
|
|
|
|
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| Octreotide | 0 (0.0) | 3 (3.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0.04 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
|
|
|
|
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| Prednisone | 0 (0.0) | 4 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.01 | 6 (13.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.0002 |
|
|
|
|
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| Propranolol | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.7) | 1.00 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
|
|
|
|
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| Sildenafil | 8 (2.8) | 24 (31.6) | 4 (2.6) | <.0001 | 18 (39.1) | 4 (2.9) | <.0001 |
|
|
|
|
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| Spironolactone | 24 (8.3) | 40 (52.6) | 16 (10.5) | <.0001 | 13 (28.3) | 8 (5.8) | <.0001 |
|
|
|
|
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| Verapamil | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
|
|
|
|
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| Warfarin | 56 (19.3) | 30 (39.5) | 33 (21.7) | 0.005 | 16 (34.8) | 23 (16.7) | 0.01 |
|
|
|
|
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| Other | 73 (25.2) | 36 (47.4) | 41 (27.0) | 0.002 | 24 (52.2) | 32 (23.2) | 0.0002 |
|
|
|
|
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| Taking medication daily but don’t know the name | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A | 1 (2.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0.25 |
*
Data are presented as N (%).
¥
Healthy Fontans matched with either PLE or PB based on year of Fontan procedure done.
§
P-value from Chi-square tests or Fisher’s exact tests on comparison of each medication between the patients with/without PLE.
†
P-value from Chi-square tests or Fisher’s exact tests on comparison of each medication between the patients with/without PB.