Table 4.
Comparison of the demographic and clinical characteristics of survey participants with or without plastic bronchitis (PB) following Fontan palliation (N=184)
| PB
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Yes (N=46) | No (N=138) | p-value§ | OR | 95% CI |
| Male sex | 27 (58.7) | 88 (63.8) | 0.54 | 0.81 | 0.41, 1.60 |
|
| |||||
| Age at survey, years | 7.5 (6–12) | 8 (6–12) | 0.67 | 0.99 | 0.92, 1.06 |
|
| |||||
| Age at Fontan, years | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | 0.11 | 0.82 | 0.63, 1.08 |
|
| |||||
| Caucasian | 39 (84.8) | 116 (84.1) | 0.85 | 0.91 | 0.36, 2.34 |
|
| |||||
| Heart disease etiology | |||||
| Hypoplastic left ventricle | 25 (54.3) | 57 (41.3) | 0.12 | 2.23 | 1.00, 4.97 |
|
|
|
||||
| Hypoplastic right ventricle | 11 (23.9) | 56 (40.6) | Ref | ||
|
|
|
||||
| Non-specified single ventricle | 10 (21.7) | 25 (18.1) | 2.24 | 0.77, 5.41 | |
|
| |||||
| Other surgery | |||||
| Norwood | 26 (56.5) | 57 (41.3) | 0.07 | 1.85 | 0.94, 3.63 |
|
| |||||
| BT shunt | 21 (45.7) | 68 (49.3) | 0.67 | 0.87 | 0.44, 1.69 |
|
| |||||
| PA band | 3 (6.5) | 20 (14.5) | 0.16 | 0.41 | 0.12, 1.46 |
|
| |||||
| Hemifontan (Stage II) | 12 (26.1) | 21 (15.2) | 0.10 | 1.97 | 0.88, 4.40 |
|
| |||||
| Bidirectional Glen (Stage II) | 33 (71.7) | 112 (81.2) | 0.18 | 0.59 | 0.27, 1.27 |
|
| |||||
| Diaphragm plication | 6 (13.0) | 5 (3.6) | 0.03 | 3.95 | 1.10, 14.8 |
|
| |||||
| Other major cardiac procedures | 6 (13.0) | 7 (5.1) | 0.09 | 2.79 | 0.84, 9.09 |
|
| |||||
| Chylothorax | 33 (71.7) | 70 (50.7) | 0.01 | 2.47 | 1.20, 5.08 |
|
|
|||||
| Drained with a chest tube | 31 (93.9) | 65 (92.9) | 1.00 | 0.95 | 0.16, 7.79 |
|
| |||||
| Treated with a special formula | 18 (54.5) | 18 (25.7) | 0.005 | 3.54 | 1.44, 8.68 |
|
|
|||||
| Treated with thoracic duct ligation | 3 (9.1) | 2 (2.9) | 0.32 | 3.42 | 0.49, 30.0 |
|
| |||||
| Treated with pleurodesis | 5 (15.2) | 2 (2.9) | 0.03 | 6.08 | 1.13, 47.6 |
|
|
|||||
| Allergies | 24 (52.2) | 49 (35.5) | 0.045 | 1.98 | 1.01, 3.89 |
|
| |||||
| Weight at survey, kg | 24.1 (18.2–44.1) | 25.0 (19.1–44.1) | 0.58 | 1.00 | 0.98, 1.02 |
|
| |||||
| Height at survey, cm | 122 (109–150) | 122 (112–147) | 0.71 | 1.00 | 0.98, 1.01 |
|
| |||||
| Body mass index at survey, kg/m2 | 16.8 (15.4–18.6) | 16.8 (15.1–19.8) | 0.98 | 0.99 | 0.91, 1.08 |
|
| |||||
| Underweight | 6 (13.0) | 14 (10.1) | 0.71 | 1.30 | 0.45, 3.77 |
|
|
|
||||
| Normal | 24 (52.2) | 73 (52.9) | Ref | ||
|
|
|
||||
| Overweight | 6 (13.0) | 14 (10.1) | 1.30 | 0.45, 3.77 | |
|
|
|
||||
| Obese | 3 (6.5) | 16 (11.6) | 0.57 | 0.15, 2.13 | |
|
| |||||
| unknown | 7 (15.2) | 21 (15.2) | |||
*
Data are presented as N (%) for categorical variables and Median (25th percentile – 75th precentile) for continuous variable.
BT = Blalock-Taussig, PA = pulmonary artery
§
P-value from Chi-square tests or Fisher’s exact tests, as appropriate, for categorical variables and Wilcoxon rank sum tests for continuous variables on comparison of each characteristic between the patients with/without PB.