Table 1. Systematic overview of articles included in the meta-analysis.
Name | Sample sizea | Inflammatory markers | Population | Mean age | Female proportion (%) | Design | Trauma measure | Assay |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Archer et al.18 | 46 | CRP, IL-6, TNF-α | Clinical—Cancer patients | 65.64 | 46.2 | Retrospective | CTQ | Multi-spot protocol |
Bertone-Johnson et al.19 | 702 | CRP, IL-6 | General population | 42.67 | 100.0 | Retrospective | n.s. | Immunonephelometry |
ELISA | ||||||||
Carpenter et al.21 | 69 | IL-6 | General population | 26.80 | 60.9 | Retrospective | CTQ | ELISA |
Carpenter et al.20, 52 | 92 | CRP | General population | 30.50 | 51.1 | Retrospective | CTQ | Immunonephelometry |
Carroll et al.40 | 765 | CRP, IL-6 | General population | 40.00 | 57.3 | Retrospective | RFQ | Immunonephelometry |
ELISA | ||||||||
Danese et al.39 | 633 | CRP | General population | 32.00 | 48.0 | Prospective | n.s. | Immunotubodimetry |
Dennison et al.22 | 80 | IL-6, TNF-α | Clinical—FEP patients vs HC | 37.27 | 53.8 | Retrospective | CTQ | ELISA |
Di Nicola et al.23 | 48 | IL-6, TNF-α | Clinical—FEP patients vs HC | 27.35 | 35.4 | Retrospective | CECA | ELISA |
Frodl et al.24 | 83 | CRP, IL-6 | Clinical—MDD patients vs HC | 39.12 | 59.0 | Retrospective | CTQ | ELISA |
Gouin et al.25 | 130 | CRP, IL-6, TNF-α | General population | 65.13 | 82.3 | Retrospective | CTQ | High Sensitivity Immunoassay |
Chemiluminescence | ||||||||
Hartwell et al.26 | 38 | CRP, IL-6, TNF-α | General population | 35.69 | 51.3 | Retrospective | ETI | Multiplex Bead Array |
Hepgul et al.27 | 80 | CRP | Clinical—FEP patients vs HC | 26.69 | 34.4 | Retrospective | CECA | High Sensitivity Immunoassay |
Kiecolt-Glaser et al.28 | 132 | IL-6, TNF-α | General population | 69.69 | 72.0 | Retrospective | CTQ | High Sensitivity Immunoassay |
Lacey et al.29 | 7462 | CRP | General population | 42.00 | 49.5 | Prospective | n.s. | Immunonephelometry |
Lu et al.30 | 65 | IL-6, TNF-α | Clinical—MDD patients vs HC | 29.32 | 55.4 | Retrospective | CTQ | Cytokine Antibody Array |
Matthews et al.40 | 443 | CRP | General population | 45.70 | 100.0 | Retrospective | CTQ | Immunonephelometry |
McDade et al.32 | 1622 | CRP | General population | 20.90 | NA | Prospective | n.s. | Immunoturbodimetry |
Rooks et al.41 | 482 | CRP, IL-6 | General population | 55.00 | 0.0 | Retrospective | ETI | Chemiluminscence |
ELISA | ||||||||
Runsten et al.33 | 116 | CRP | General population | 42.89 | 100.0 | Retrospective | RFQ | ELISA |
Slopen et al.34 | 999 | CRP, IL-6 | General population | 57.90 | 55.4 | Retrospective | n.s. | Immunonephelometry |
ELISA | ||||||||
Smith et al.35 | 177 | TNF-α | Clinical—PTSD patients vs HC | NA | NA | Retrospective | CTQ | ELISA |
Taylor et al.42 | 3248 | CRP | General population | 40.10 | 54.7 | Retrospective | RFQ | Immunonephelometry |
Tietjen et al.36 | 141 | CRP, IL-6, TNF-α | Clinical—Migraneurs | 36.98 | 100.0 | Retrospective | ACEQ | Immunonephelometry |
vs HC | Bead-based sandwich immunoassay | |||||||
Witek Janusek et al.37 | 40 | IL-6 | Clinical—Breast cancer patients | 55.60 | 100.0 | Retrospective | CTQ | ELISA |
Zeugmann et al.38 | 23 | CRP, TNF-α | Clinical—MDD patients | 47.80 | 68.0 | Retrospective | CTQ | ELISA |
Abbreviations: ACEQ, Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire; CECA, childhood experiences of care and abuse; CRP, C-reactive protein; CTQ, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; ETI, Early Trauma Inventory; FEP, first episode psychosis; HC, healthy control; IL-6, interleukin 6; MDD, major depressive disorder; NA, not available; n.s., non-standardised; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; RFQ, Risky Families Questionnaire; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α.
Sample sizes may vary depending on individual inflammatory markers.