Table 4.

Multivariate analysis for factors associated with subsequent shock in emergency medical service resuscitation in patients with initial nonshockable rhythms

	Odds ratio (95 % CI)	P value
Age	0.98 (0.97–0.98)	<0.0001
Male	0.85 (0.70–1.03)	0.11
Public location	1.12 (0.89–1.41)	0.34
Witnessed arrest	1.37 (1.12–1.66)	0.0018
Bystander CPR	0.90 (0.73–1.10)	0.30
Call–response interval	1.02 (1.00–1.04)	0.13
Initial rhythm PEA	2.67 (2.19–3.25)	<0.0001
Etiology
Cardiac (reference)	1
Asphyxia	0.30 (0.21–0.43)	<0.0001
Trauma	0.09 (0.05–0.18)	<0.0001
Aortic disease	0.46 (0.29–0.71)	0.00047
Drowning	0.53 (0.29–0.95)	0.0330
Cerebrovascular disease	0.40 (0.22–0.75)	0.0044
Drug overdose	0.44 (0.14–1.42)	0.17
Others or unknown	0.47 (0.37–0.60)	<0.0001

P values calculated using a multivariate logistic regression

CI confidence interval, CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation, PEA pulseless electrical activity