Fig. 5.

Interconnection of ROS with miRNA expression and epigenetic modifications MiRNAs are able to regulate ROS via post-transcriptional degradation of NOX4 and Nrf2 mRNA. Further, ROS are associated with DNA hypermethylation causing decreased expression of different genes like O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), mutL homolog 1 (MLH1), thymocyte differentiation antigen-1 (Thy-1), Krüppel-like factor 4 (Klf4), methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2), RAS protein activator like 1 (RASAL1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-γ) and patched1 (PTCH1).