Table 4: Predictors of up-to-date CRC screening, stratified by provinces with and without CRC screening programs in 2012 (age- and sex-adjusted logistic regression analysis).
| Variable | % in Canada | OR (95% CI) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All provinces | Provinces with screening programs* |
Provinces without screening programs | ||
|
Education |
||||
| < Secondary school |
17.2 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
| Secondary school graduation |
18.7 |
1.38 (1.27–1.51) |
1.43 (1.26–1.63) |
1.27 (1.13–1.44) |
| Some postsecondary school |
4.2 |
1.31 (1.14–1.51) |
1.79 (1.41–2.27) |
1.13 (0.94–1.35) |
| Postsecondary certification/ diploma or university |
59.9 |
1.50 (1.40–1.61) |
1.62 (1.45–1.81) |
1.38 (1.25–1.52) |
|
Income, $ |
||||
| < 20 000 |
8.6 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
| 20 000–39 000 |
20.0 |
1.08 (0.98–1.20) |
1.10 (0.94–1.29) |
1.07 (0.93–1.22) |
| 40 000–59 999 |
19.8 |
1.31 (1.18–1.45) |
1.30 (1.10–1.52) |
1.28 (1.11–1.47) |
| 60 000–79 999 |
15.4 |
1.37 (1.23–1.52) |
1.44 (1.22–1.70) |
1.22 (1.06–1.41) |
| ≥ 80 000 |
36.1 |
1.85 (1.68–2.04) |
1.97 (1.69–2.29) |
1.65 (1.45–1.88) |
|
Marital status |
||||
| Married |
65.4 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
| Common law |
8.1 |
0.76 (0.69–0.84) |
1.09 (0.92–1.28) |
0.73 (0.65–0.82) |
| Widowed/separated/divorced |
18.5 |
0.71 (0.66–0.76) |
0.71 (0.64–0.78) |
0.72 (0.66–0.79) |
| Single (never married) |
8.0 |
0.63 (0.58–0.70) |
0.78 (0.67–0.91) |
0.60 (0.53–0.69) |
|
Obesity |
||||
| Underweight/normal |
39.0 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
| Overweight |
38.8 |
1.02 (0.95–1.10) |
1.00 (0.90–1.11) |
1.05 (0.96–1.15) |
| Obese |
22.2 |
0.80 (0.75–0.86) |
0.77 (0.69–0.85) |
0.85 (0.78–0.93) |
|
Smoking status |
||||
| Daily |
18.7 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
| Occasional/former |
50.0 |
1.95 (1.82–2.09) |
2.05 (1.85–2.28) |
2.00 (1.82–2.20) |
| Never smoked |
31.3 |
1.67 (1.55–1.80) |
1.54 (1.38–1.71) |
1.73 (1.55–1.92) |
|
Diabetes |
||||
| No |
87.9 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
| Yes |
12.1 |
0.98 (0.91–1.06) |
0.83 (0.74–0.94) |
1.10 (0.98–1.22) |
|
Physical examination |
||||
| No regular pattern |
43.1 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
| At least once annually |
56.9 |
0.47 (0.44–0.50) |
0.43 (0.40–0.47) |
0.49 (0.46–0.53) |
|
Self-described general medical status |
||||
| Poor |
4.0 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
| Fair |
10.6 |
0.81 (0.70–0.95) |
0.93 (0.75–1.16) |
0.78 (0.62–0.97) |
| Good |
32.1 |
0.85 (0.73–0.98) |
1.02 (0.83–1.24) |
0.77 (0.63–0.95) |
| Very good |
35.8 |
0.87 (0.76–1.00) |
1.16 (0.95–1.41) |
0.71 (0.58–0.88) |
| Excellent |
17.4 |
0.84 (0.73–0.98) |
1.12 (0.91–1.38) |
0.70 (0.56–0.87) |
|
Restriction of activities |
||||
| Sometimes |
19.6 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
| Often |
14.6 |
0.95 (0.87–1.04) |
0.97 (0.85–1.11) |
0.91 (0.81–1.03) |
| Never |
65.8 |
0.84 (0.79–0.90) |
0.99 (0.89–1.09) |
0.71 (0.65–0.78) |
|
Pap test |
||||
| None or ≥ 3 yr |
31.4 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
| < 3 yr |
68.6 |
1.86 (1.71–2.03) |
2.29 (2.03–2.60) |
1.58 (1.41–1.78) |
|
Mammogram |
||||
| None or ≥ 2 yr |
22.0 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
| < 2 yr |
78.0 |
2.58 (2.35–2.82) |
3.61 (3.15–4.13) |
2.02 (1.78–2.29) |
|
Province |
||||
| Manitoba |
3.3 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref)‡ |
– |
| Newfoundland and Labrador |
1.7 |
0.38 (0.30–0.48) |
– |
0.50 (0.33–0.75) |
| Prince Edward Island |
0.5 |
0.78 (0.52–1.16) |
– |
1.00 (ref)‡ |
| Nova Scotia |
3.2 |
0.49 (0.40–0.60) |
0.48 (0.39–0.59) |
– |
| New Brunswick |
2.6 |
0.42 (0.34–0.52) |
– |
0.54 (0.36–0.80) |
| Quebec |
24.4 |
0.36 (0.31–0.42) |
– |
0.46 (0.32–0.67) |
| Ontario |
38.3 |
0.87 (0.75–1.02) |
0.87 (0.75–1.02) |
– |
| Saskatchewan |
2.7 |
0.54 (0.44–0.67) |
0.53 (0.43–0.66) |
– |
| Alberta |
9.7 |
0.72 (0.61–0.85) |
– |
0.92 (0.63–1.34) |
| British Columbia |
13.5 |
0.47 (0.40–0.55) |
– |
0.61 (0.42–0.88) |
| Territories† | 0.2 | 0.36 (0.20–0.63) | – | 0.45 (0.23–0.88) |
Note: CI = confidence interval, CRC = colorectal cancer, ref = reference group. *Nova Scotia, Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. †Northwest Territories, Yukon and Nunavut. ‡Provinces with the highest rates of screening in the respective groups (Manitoba for those with screening programs and PEI for those without screening programs) were used as the reference groups.