Table 1.
Baseline Clinical Characteristics of control and type 2 diabetic patients stratified by albuminuria status
| Control | Normo | Microal | Macroal | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 49 | 72 | 85 | 51 | |
| Age (years) | 62.16±8.84 | 60.47±11.44 | 61.79±11.84 | 62.07±11.08 | 0.223 |
| Gender (male/female) | 28/21 | 30/42 | 41/44 | 28/23 | 0.316 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.33±3.85 | 23.68±3.92 | 23.18±3.97 | 22.57±3.78§ | 0.482 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | - | 6.33±3.31 | 9.61±4.81§ | 10.96±2.93§ | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 117.65±9.25 | 121.69±15.72 | 124.83±11.14† | 129.37±12.60† | 0.073 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 74.46±9.34 | 78.25±10.29 | 77.59±8.04 | 80.56±9.37† | 0.021 |
| HbA1c (%) | 4.94±0.97 | 7.13±1.51‡ | 8.22±1.76‡ | 7.95±1.76‡ | <0.001 |
| TCHOL | 202.01±20.64 | 188.55±45.76 | 192.64±33.17 | 203.58±51.47 | 0.117 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL)* | 126.6 (91.6-153.9) | 141.3 (93.4-179.5) | 136.7 (110.7-163.4) | 142.0 (104.1-176.8)† | 0.268 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 116.00±26.01 | 111.67±39.04 | 110.61±28.98 | 113.67±35.56 | 0.591 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 60.66±20.38 | 48.21±16.51† | 51.66±15.34† | 52.20±18.38 | 0.001 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 96.05±10.10 | 91.35±15.1 | 88.48±16.71†,‡ | 74.28±16.21†,‡,║,¶ | <0.001 |
| u-ACR (ng/mg)* | 13.3 (7.2-16.3) | 12.9 (8.9-17.1) | 94.5 (55.8-132.3)‡,║ | 829.1 (596.4-1076.8)‡,║,# | <0.001 |
| Homocysteine (μmol/L)* | 8.98±1.74 | 8.50±1.81 | 10.23±1.97‡,║ | 14.45±2.37‡,║,# | <0.001 |
| Hypoglycemic agents, (%) | - | 21 (29.2) | 47 (55.3)║ | 27 (53.0)║ | <0.001 |
| Antihypertensive agents, (%) | - | 16 (22.2) | 56 (55.9)║ | 32 (62.7)║ | <0.001 |
Note: Data are reported as mean ± SD for normally distributed values or median (interquartile range) for non-normally distributed values. P-value indicates the significance of differences between group means as determined by ANOVA.
Logarithm-transformed values were used;
P<0.05 vs. control;
P<0.001 vs. control;
P<0.05 vs. normo;
P<0.001 vs. normo;
P<0.05 vs. micro;
P<0.001 vs. micro.
Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; TCHOL, total cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; u-ACR, Urine Albumin/urine Creatinine.