Table 3.

Differences between Ireland, France, the Netherlands, and Germany in predictor variables of smoking in bars post-ban (%).

	Ireland (n=573)	France (n=820)	The Netherlands (n=1,034)	Germany (n=720)	Between country differences
Control variables
Gender
Male	53.9	55.5	54.4	57.5	χ2 (3)=2.16, p=0.540
Female	46.1	44.5	45.6	42.5
Age
18–24	19.6	19.9	13.1	14.4	χ2 (9)=54.03, p<0.001
25–39	30.8	36.2	30.5	29.7
40–54	32.2	32.1	35.0	37.5
55+	17.5	11.8	21.5	18.3
Educational level
Low	66.4	39.9	33.8	20.1	χ2 (6)=366.43, p<0.001
Moderate	21.3	39.0	44.0	38.3
High	12.2	21.1	22.2	41.6
Heaviness of Smoking†
0 thru 1	27.9	48.8	29.3	39.2	χ2 (6)=130.51, p<0.001
2 thru 4	59.2	48.2	63.3	55.4
5 thru 6	12.9	3.1	7.4	5.4
Smoking in bar on last visit pre-ban
Yes	96.7	83.6	87.8	86.9	χ2 (3)=53.60, p<0.001
No	3.3	16.4	12.2	13.1
Bar visiting in last six months
Weekly / monthly	86.9	70.0	58.3	68.2	χ2 (3)=141.56, p<0.001
Yearly / never	13.1	30.0	41.7	31.8
Policy-specific variables
Support for bar smoking ban
Total ban	12.5	13.2	8.1	6.3	χ2 (6)=69.34, p<0.001
Partial ban	56.5	60.8	61.3	51.2
No ban	31.1	25.9	30.6	42.5
Think about harm of smoking to others
Very often	19.3	16.7	2.0	7.5	χ2 (6)=225.23, p<0.001
Often / sometimes	43.8	50.2	43.5	39.9
Rarely / never	37.0	33.1	54.5	52.6
Psychosocial mediators
Overall opinion of smoking
Positive	12.4	9.4	12.6	20.8	χ2 (6)=561.50, p<0.001
Negative	62.9	63.4	21.7	25.1
Neutral	24.7	27.2	65.7	54.2
Society disapproves of smoking
Agree	79.9	73.8	60.3	69.0	χ2 (6)=199.99, p<0.001
Disagree	13.6	16.2	10.6	17.5
Neutral	6.5	10.0	29.0	13.5

^†Heaviness of smoking is used as continuous variable in the regression analysis